Human/sex trafficking in Amsterdam - 1901 Words

â€Å"We thought slavery was a thing of the past. We haven’t been paying attention† (Atlanta Hosts Passion 2012). There is trafficking all around the world, whether society likes it or not, several kinds such as trafficking in drugs, other supplies and even trafficking in people. Human and sex trafficking has been known to use many women and children, who are then victimized for this cruel fate for over hundreds and even over thousands of years. â€Å"The transnational sex trafficking of women and children is based on a balance between the supply of victims from sending countries and the demand for victims in receiving countries. Sending countries are those from which victims can be relatively easily recruited, usually with false promises of jobs.†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Financescape characterizes the rapid and difficult-to-follow movements of money and finances between different locations and players--The shadow financescape is inscribed on the skin of tr afficked women† (Globalization, Penttinen, Elina). Traffickers have a major influence on these crimes, but so do the government; how do these women and children receive their green cards to leave their countries? This shows there is a major corruption in society, where officials have partaken in trafficking and exploitation in women and children, and society continues to be oblivious to this matter. This greatly ties into the sex trafficking in Amsterdam because it is solely known for their international sex tourism. Amsterdam is known for their largest tourist attraction, The Red Light District which began sometime in the 14th century. Window prostitution is the main attraction in this city, with its red illuminated windows, which makes the mood more sexual and sensual to help the working women to receive more customers, but there are many other forms of prostitution in Amsterdam as well. Such as, the window prostitution, working in a club, as an escort, or even at home or on the street. â€Å"There are approximately 20,000 prostitutes working the streets of the Netherlands (Janssen; Hovener, 2010). Of those, 40% are active in Amsterdam with 5% working the 370 windows or in sex clubs in and around the red light district† (Human in Action,Show MoreRelatedProstitution And Human Sex Trafficking1291 Words   |  6 Pagesright to rule over their own body. Prostitution, the exchanging of sexual services for payment, has been specifically outlawed by the State of New York. This direct targeting of the sex trade within New York leaves many people unprotected under the law, both in consensual prostitution and nonconsensual human sex trafficking, while greatly eliminating the potential tax revenue that would be generated. Prostitution, when involving consenting adults, is a victimless crime and when criminalized, it forcesRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus : Amsterdam, Netherlands1199 Words   |  5 Pages Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Amsterdam, Netherlands Erica Nichole Thomas University of Missouri Kansas City Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Amsterdam, Netherlands According to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2015), more than one million people are diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection each day worldwide. There are multiple methods that can be utilized in the prevention of sexually transmitted infections including: comprehensive sexual education, safer sex counselingRead MoreArgument About Legalization Of Prostitution1507 Words   |  7 Pageslegal prostitution (mercatornet.com). Prostitution is illegal in all jurisdictions in the United States with the exception of a few counties in Nevada where the commercial sex trade is legal. Under Federal law, the importation of people for the purposes of prostitution is illegal and considered a form of human trafficking prohibited by federal code and the 13th Amendment of US Constitution. When someone prostitutes his or herself, it is a misdemeanor charge for both the provider and client; MostRead MoreWhy Prostitution Should Be Legalized1411 Words   |  6 PagesWhy Prostitution should be legalized We hear about it in the news almost daily; sex workers were using Craigslist to post ads in the (former) erotic service section, others are soliciting on Back Page. Human trafficking rings are being discovered all throughout the United States. Massage parlors are being used as a front for housing prostitution. Whether we want to address it or not, this is a prevalent social issue in our society today. Researchers Christine Harcourt, PhD, Research Fellow for theRead MoreThe Ongoing Trial of Human Trafficking Essay1467 Words   |  6 Pages Human trafficking is not just a part of our history; it is continuously growing around the world today because of traffickers who are using it as an easy way to make a profit. Victims of human trafficking feel as if they have no way to escape because they have limited ways to survive or make a good enough living to support themselves along with their families outside of the sex industry. Women, children and even men are taken from time to time bef ore they get the opportunity to receive little ifRead MoreIssues of the Legalized Female Prostitution in the Netherlands2806 Words   |  12 Pageshas become either a lifestyle choice or a hostile option for the female prostitutes in the Netherlands, particularly in the city of Amsterdam. The participants involved in the legalized policy of prostitution are subjected to ambiguous impacts which involve social, political, health, and economic divisions. Since prostitution was legalized as of the year 2000, Amsterdam has seen a decline in criminal activity, allowing workers an increase in autonomy, and provides better labor conditions. (Cruz, Read MoreEssay about Human Trafficking in the United Kingdom1457 Words   |  6 PagesHuman trafficking is not just a part of our history; it is continuously growing around the world today because of traffickers who are using it as an easy way to make a profit. Victims of human trafficking feel as if they have no way to escape because they have limited ways to survive or make a good enough living to support themselves along with their families outside of the sex industry. Women, children and even men from time to time are taken before they get the opportunity to receive little ifRead MorePer Business Insider, Forty-Two Million Prostitutes Work1573 Words   |  7 Pagesof contracting STDs with illegalization because there are no health standards for the workers. Prostitutes still suffer from abuse because they cannot refuse a client or rely on higher authorities to help since their work is illegal. Also, human trafficking can be positively impacted through the licensing of prostitution since police forces can focus on unlicensed businesses and workers. It is important to discuss this because there are one million prostitutes in the US that are being taken advantageRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legal? Essay1261 Words   |  6 Pagesneighborhoods, but should law enforcement be made to waste their time and effort to arres t those that may or may not be prostitutes? While some believe legalizing prostitution will only encourage more people to buy sex, making prostitution legal will protect those who work in the sex industry. The earliest mentions of prostitution date all the way back to the B.C. era. The Sumerian Records (2400 B.C.) and Hammurabi’s code (1780 B.C.) list female prostitution as one of the earliest professions andRead MoreProstitution Is Legal For Human Trafficking1010 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Are you serious? Girls are not just objects, they are human beings just like everyone else.† That disgusts me, are the thoughts I was having when I saw that Thailand has a total of around three million sex workers in their country, and the number is increasing. Prostitution is legal but human trafficking is not. How can we make prostitution legal and then not expect is to lead to more human trafficking around the world. Prostitution is the practice or occupation of engaging in sexual activity with

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Leadership For Health Social Care Services Free Essays

string(127) " be given appropriate support prior to making decisions \(prior to a judgement being made to say the individual can not do so\." Person centred practice (PCP) or more commonly referred to as person centred planning is based on the principles of inclusion and taking a holistic approach when planning the care service delivery. There are five key features of PCP; The individual is at the centre of the plan. The plan will identify what is important to the individual and identify the individuals’ strengths and what support they will require to achieve their potential. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership For Health Social Care Services or any similar topic only for you Order Now The individuals support network are involved in the ongoing planning and reviewing process. The plan will promote community participation for the individual. The plan is a live document which is reviewed by all involved minimum every 6 months or when circumstances change. The care planning, monitoring and reviewing of care plans are key aspects to working with individuals and care workers. In line with PCP key aspects must be adhered to including legislation and policy to ensure the individual is at the heart of the plan review process. However we must remember not to get caught up in the planning and administration process its self, we must remember the true purpose of the care plan. Such example of this can be seen by a quote from a Service User; â€Å"I don’t have a care pathway. I have a life. † (Scottish executive, 2005:5) Care plans must be done properly and all relevant parties involved. Some people may not know what a care plan is. When people don’t feel good they need support to be involved. After all, where’re planning their care and the individual must be at the centre of the plan. A Service User who contributed to the report Developing social care: service users vision for adult support, felt strongly that social care should be based on the social model; informing policy, practice and procedures (Beresford 2005). The Department of Health clearly states that it supports the social model of disability (DoH 2008a). This social model is underpinned by a range of legislation and policy which steers the provision of person centred care. There are several Acts that underpin PCP. The human rights act 1998 sets a firm base line for pcp. The act covers the individual’s right to liberty and security, respect for private and family life, and the right for freedom of thought conscious and religion. This act sets a firm base line for good practice in health and social care by underlining the needs of the individual are paramount and that everyone has the right to receive quality care. Age Concern quote (2008) â€Å"the dignity needs and wants of older people must be put at the centre of their care, and Human Rights are the perfect vehicle to ensure this and deliver quality care services† Whilst drawing up a care plan there are several legislations and policies to adhere to, below I have listed a few which have an integral role in pcp. There is a statutory duty on public authorities to ensure they eliminate unlawful discrimination and harassment and to promote equality of opportunities between men and women. This is governed by the equalities act 2006 which makes it unlawful to discriminate on the grounds of a person’s sexual orientation, religion and beliefs when providing a service and exercising a public function. This act has established a commission for equality and human rights (CEHR) which is responsible for promoting the understanding of human rights and equality, also challenging unlawful discrimination. The disability discrimination act 1995 main function is to stop discrimination for disabled individual, giving those equal rights and access to goods, facilities and services. This act states that providers are not allowed to treat the disabled less favourably because of their disability. Most companies and organisations that provide service, facilities or goods, be it either paid or free; both private and public bodies / companies must adhere to this act. One aspect of the NHS and community care act 1990 is that local authorities must conduct a needs-lead assessment which takes into account a person’s preference making it pcp. On the other hand a resources-lead assessment only takes into account the resources available and not the individual. In my area of work an example would be an individual would be sent to a day service where their preference would be a sit in service which would be more appropriate. This example goes against all principles of pcp. All care service providers are regulated by an independent body as outlined in the Care standard Act 2000. In Wales we are regulated by the CSSIW. This independat body carries out regular inspections to ensure compliance with all relevant legislation and one of their key focus is Service User quality of life which is closely linked to pcp. In addition to legislation there are numerous policies in place to ensure compliance with pc care. The white paper Valuing people (DoH 2001) stipulates that person centred approach will be essential to deliver real change in the lives of people. Whilst this white paper is aimed at individuals with learning disabilities the principles can be applied to all types of care. The national service frameworks are long term strategies for improving specific areas of social care. PCP is a theme that runs through the white paper. We as care providers have minimum expectations which are required of us by the government; national minimum standards. These standards are not legally enforceable but are guidelines for providers and commissioners to judge the quality of a care service. There are many ways consent is established with individuals. During a PCP meeting the individual may be able to make their wishes and expectations known clearly. In which case the Service User will give consent. On the other hand the mental capacity act 2005 is in place to empower individuals who lack capacity to make their own decisions. There are five core principles; It’s assumed an individual has capacity unless an assessment has taken place that determines otherwise. Individuals must be given appropriate support prior to making decisions (prior to a judgement being made to say the individual can not do so. You read "Leadership For Health Social Care Services" in category "Leadership" Individuals have the right to make an unwise decision, by making an unwise decision it does not mean the individual lacks capacity. When an individual is assessed as lacking in capacity, any decisions made for them must be in their best interest. Any actions that are result of an individual lacking in capacity must be the least restrictive in terms of their basic rights and freedoms. By applying all these principles in a MDT meeting a decision can be reached which will be in the best interest of the individual. During the PCP/ MDT/ BIM the individual may have family, friends, HCP, advocate present to enable a holistic approach to the individuals care pathway. By using person centred practice positive outcomes can be achieved; by adopting all the above legislation, regulations, policies the individual will receive the level of care and support they require, as decided by themselves and people who have the individuals best interests as paramount to the individuals care. In my role I have reviewed all documentation in relation to the primary assessment our Service Users undergo prior to our delivery of care. The assessment takes a holistic approach to the Service Users life, from mobility to cognitive function and is undertaken in the Service Users home with their preferred family member, social worker and any other health care professionals that have input into the Service Users life. Following a management and staff meeting and consultation with Service Users families and HCP to gather their feedback and views I have implemented changes to the documentation to make the assessment and subsequent care plan / file user friendly as needed by the Service User. By implementing this I’m ensuring compliance with regulations and legislation. I support my team to implement person centred practice in many ways. Adequate training as detailed in the care workers professional development plan and led by example, I believe being the best. PCP is discussed at management meetings which is then cascaded down to the care workers through their team meetings and supervision sessions. We have recently introduced a new format care plan, which I’m supporting the team leaders to complete using the active support model of care. During the recruitment process, all care workers undergo a 5 day induction period, during which PCP is introduced with the support of accredited dvd’s from Mullbery House and the new care worker is given the opportunity to demonstrate how they would apply pcp. Also a small library of reference books are available for care workers to loan for their professional development. I have recently supported one of the team leaders to review the manual handling care needs of a new Service User, no-capacity, who’s family were not familiar with manual handling techniques, by using techniques that were not prescribed the Service Users was being put at risk of injury as were the family. During the primary assessment this was discovered and immediately reported to myself. In conjunction with the team leader we contacted the social service to arrange for OT assessment, also we submitted a VA1 to inspectorate reporting our safeguarding concerns. During the OT assessment the Service User, family, social worker and our team leader was present to enable a best interest care plan to be drawn up. Several items of equipment were agreed and ordered, and care plan agreed by all. Several weeks later, the Service User is now in receipt of appropriate approved equipment and manual handling techniques which meets his needs. I have implemented a handover sheet for care workers prior to their delivery of care to new Service Users / from new care workers to ensure the Service User receives continuity of care. The handover takes place between the primary assessor and the care worker. The care worker and assessor discuss the care plan and risk assessments. At the Service Users first call the care worker is introduced by the assessor. All the care workers are required to notify the office of any changes to the Service Users care needs or preferences immediately, care workers are also encouraged to discuss Service Users needs/ preferences during their 6 weekly supervision session. Care workers are made aware of changes to the care plan in the handover and during the monthly team meeting where all Service User changes are discussed. I’m in the process of reviewing policies and procedures, which will ensure we are Service User led and not service led. Service user active participation has many proven positive outcomes. Active participation may lead to increased confidence and self-esteem, the chance to acquire new skills, and improved material resources if for example it helps them to acquire paid employment. Active participation leads to greater satisfaction (Department of Health Farrell, 2004) and improved quality of life (Wallerstein, 2006). For instance service users who have had greater control in decisions about the support they receive, report greater satisfaction and better health than those who have not. Beyond benefits to the individual, the participation process may also help create a stronger sense of community involvement. For active participation to succeed the culture of the company must allow for regular change and want to hear what the Service User has to say, take it on board and action it. All our Care workers are required to report to the office any feedback / comments/ changes from the Service User and the care work. Within XXXXXXXXX all new starter undergo a 5 day induction period, one element of this induction is active support. The care workers are given an insight into active support. Further training is made available periodically, training is an ongoing commitment to the care worker professional development and the quality of service we provide our Service Users with. A good example of active support I like to use is, if the Service User enjoys cooking but is unable to bear their weight etc take the veg to them. The Service User may enjoy peeling the veg at the table or in their chair. This enables the Service User to take control of their meal preparation, giving them a sense of purpose and satisfaction. When we receive a referral the Service User may have already undergone the 6 week enablement package of care, after their discharge from hospital. In line with the care plan we encourage the Service User to remain independent and re-able the Service User to achieve their aspirations. To promote Service Users to actively participate in all aspects of daily living skills, during the primary / review assessment risk assessments must be agreed. This is not to prohibit the Service User from participate in daily living skills but to ensure we are supporting the Service user in a safe environment where risks have been assessed and minimised or where possible removed. During this process a person centred approach is paramount involving outside agencies, eg OT, family and friends, social worker, advocate. Adaptions, equipment, tele care etc may be available for the Service User to minimise the risk whilst promoting participation in daily living skills. How to cite Leadership For Health Social Care Services, Essays

International Finance

Question : What is the Internatinol Finance With Example ? Answer : Introduction In the modern world, there are various types of organizations that functions and manufactures goods and services. The organizations that perform in the global economy aim to make profit and establish a strong share of the market. The performance of the firms operating in the market has an impact on the global and the national economy. There are various methods that are used in order to evaluate and analyze the economy. Forward Premium Puzzle is one such model that is instrumental in evaluating the economy with respect to the interest parity. This model is closely associated to the failures that are discovered from the uncovered interest parity to embrace and the occurrence of the forward rate bias (Tanamee 2014). The current paper therefore, concentrates on the puzzle of forward premium and tries to explain the concept and the possible explanations to this puzzle. The paper will highlight the definition of the model and critically explain the puzzle of forward premium. Discussion Definition of Forward Premium and Associated Concepts The forward premium puzzle relates to the uncovered interest parity failures and the effect on the rate of forward bias. The puzzle of forward premium is the result that the puzzle tries to highlight in an inappropriate direction for the movement towards the ex post in the spot exchange rate. The parity of interest that is uncovered explains that if the interest parity that is covered holds, then the forwarded discount and therefore, the differential in the interest, requires to be unbiased forecaster of the change in the ex post in the rate of spot, estimating any rational expectations(Boudoukh, Richardson and Whitelaw 2016). The puzzle that is associated with the forward rate is shown by the clue that the rate of forward does not reveal an unbiased prediction of the spot rate of the future. In order to rectify the terms and the concept, it is essential to explain the rate of forward at the time t for a deal to take place during the time k as Fkt and the spot rate during the time t as St..Furthermore, assume the subjective estimation of the spot rate during the time as t+k, is on the basis on the information upon time t, be explained as t (St+k). If it is predicted that for the time being rational expectations, like, Et(St+k). Therefore, the equation should be expected as: St+k= Fkt + ut+k. It is seen that the error term is an Expectational Error. In practical, the regression estimates does not discover a regression coefficient of unity, even though the pointy estimate is usually not statistically and crucially are posted away from the posited value (Coudertand Mignon 2013). Another problematic component of these regressions are that the forecasted regression term of error often displays a correlation that is serial, disrupting the rational expectations hypothesis. Therefore, the forward premium puzzle can be recognized by estimating that the error is log ordinarily allocated, thereby (1) can be rectified as: St+k= 0 + 1 fkt + ut+k. It is seen that in the null hypothesis, 1= 1, and 0 is permitted to balance some continuous that impounds some Jensens Inequality terms. There are various factors due to which the forward premium puzzle is essential for survival even when the capital is faultlessly portable with respect to the covered interest parity criterions like: (1) the absence of validity of the rational expectations hypothesis; (2) problems related to econometric implementations; and (3) the presence of premium of an exchange risk. As explained in depth in the entrance of Interest Rate Parity, forecasts the equations making use of the values for k that ranges up to a year usually cast-offs the unbiasedness limitations on the parameter of slope. For example, the survey undertaken byYu (2013) discovers that an average estimate for of -0.88. The paper provided by Londonoand Zhou(2016) reveals that the result is relevant for more current time that extends to the year 2000. They even reveal that the bias have a habit of decreasing at horizons that are longer. Validity of the rational Expectations Hypothesis It is significant to recollect that uncovered interest parity is accurately explained as associated to estimated depreciation, is not examinable. The prediction of the standard UIP regression equation is dependent on the methodology of rational expectations that is shown an equation. It is evident that dependence upon the predictions of mean zero errors of expectation is by no way unprovocative. In various paper, Farhi and Gabaix(2015) show that standards tests for UIP yield surprisingly unique results when one makes use of the survey-based measures of depreciation of exchange rate. They discover that the numerous variations of the forward discounts reveal to be associated to expected depreciations, rather than a risk premium that is time varying, thereby providing credibility to UIP. () reveal the fact that it is problematic to discard UIP for a vaster currency sets, when making use of the predictions given by the Currency Forecasters Digest (CFD) even though there are some hints of a risk premium at the annual horizon. () construe various results as coming from a broader currency sets- they investigate 17 currencies as opposed to 6 or so investigated by Vasilyev, Busygin and Busygin(2016)- where the predictions of faultless substitutability of the instruments of debt has chances to be hold. The authors have concentrated that discarding of the hypothesis of rational expectations does not always mean that one has to accept the scheme that the representatives are irrational. It may be conceivable that the agents are substantially gaining knowledge about the economic atmosphere so that their predictions are biased for a lengthy time-period. Recently,Narayan and Sharma (2015) have included incomplete processing of information, crucially a transaction cost rationale for unbalanced rebalancing of portfolio and this is a factor due to which forward premium puzzle is existent. Djeutem(2014) plea to the microstructural and institutional factors to determine the existence of surplus returns is an associated but an approach that is distinct. Econometric Issues Ho and Mo(2016) determines the deviations in the long and short-horizon. The authors even pleaded to a monetary reaction function that is responsive to the changes in the rate of exchange and making the interest rate internal in the sense of economy. However, it is not clear that these approaches can be useful in explaining the negative coefficients that have been collected. There are broad types of econometric issues that has even been examined. da Costaet al. (2016) debate that there is non-linearity in the relation among the forward discount and the spot rate. It is seen that when forward discount is higher in the absolute value, then the forward discount can be able to point at the correct direction. When the forward discount is minimal, it usually directs to a wrong way as the transaction costs are higher in relation to the potential gains. Risk Premium Interpretation The most actual determination why the forward premium estimates the inappropriate path of the progress of the exchange rate is due to the fact that the risk premium covers a wedge between the actual changes and the forecasted changes. It is a challenge to model a risk premium. The process of portfolio balance that concentrates on the stocks of the external assets, was primarily introduced in the modelling of the risk premium. However, due a vast failure to discover any relation between the ex post risk premium and stocks of external assets led to the conclusion of this mode of research. There has been resurrection in the consumption based approach of risk premium by pleading for more bizarre preferences. Snaith, Coakley and Kellard(2013) reveal that while implementing the aversion of first order risk may lead to negatively sloped coefficients and the relative extent of the changes in the exchange rate and the risk premia are not possible for matching. Recently there has been a model that has been forwarded byTanamee (2014) where the ad hoc external habit preferences related to the cost of trade, which may lead to a large risk premia. The combination of the various costs and rigidities reveals to be an useful approach for deterring the reason why the forward discount specifically points in the inaccurate direction for the transformation in the ex post exchange rate. Conclusion The current paper explains that the puzzle of forward premium, that is existent in the economy that associates to the failure of interest parity that is uncovered. It is essential for the survival of puzzle of forward premium in the economy as it reveals the empirical results that the currency is predicted to rise when the nominal interest rate of a concerned country exceeds the foreign interest rate. The forward premium puzzles reveal that the economic theory advices that if all the currencies are similarly risky, then the investors would look for higher rate of interest when the value of the currencies are predicted to decrease. Forward premium puzzle will definitely evaluate the currency rate that will be influential improving the economy of the country concerned and will be useful in finding out the coefficient of regression. This puzzle is one of the significant model of the economy and with time changes are in Reference List Boudoukh, J., Richardson, M. and Whitelaw, R.F., 2016. New evidence on the forward premium puzzle.Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis,51(03), pp.875-897. Coudert, V. and Mignon, V., 2013. The forward premium puzzle and the sovereign default risk.Journal of International Money and Finance,32, pp.491-511. da Costa, C.E., Jesus Filho, J.D. and Matos, P., 2016. Forward-premium puzzle: is it time to abandon the usual regression?.Applied Economics,48(30), pp.2852-2867. Djeutem, E., 2014. Model uncertainty and the forward premium puzzle.Journal of International Money and Finance,46, pp.16-40. Farhi, E. and Gabaix, X., 2015. DP10334 Rare Disasters and Exchange Rates. Ho, T.W. and Mo, W.S., 2016. Testing the Persistence of the Forward Premium: Structural Changes or Misspecification?.Open Economies Review,27(1), pp.119-138. Londono, J.M. and Zhou, H., 2016. Variance risk premiums and the forward premium puzzle. Narayan, P.K. and Sharma, S.S., 2015. Does data frequency matter for the impact of forward premium on spot exchange rate?.International Review of Financial Analysis,39, pp.45-53. Snaith, S., Coakley, J. and Kellard, N., 2013. Does the forward premium puzzle disappear over the horizon?.Journal of Banking Finance,37(9), pp.3681-3693. Tanamee, D., 2014.Forward Premium Puzzle(Doctoral dissertation, University of Kansas). Vasilyev, D., Busygin, V. and Busygin, S., 2016. Testing and Interpreting Uncovered Interest Parity in Russia.Economic Policy,4, pp.35-55. Yu, J., 2013. A sentiment-based explanation of the forward premium puzzle.Journal of Monetary Economics,60(4), pp.474-491.