Business Essays on Cathers novel O Pioneer Dissertation

Business Essays on Cathers epic O Pioneer - Dissertation Example As against the conventional jobs, Alexandra is one of those females who is visionary and imaginative and has abilities progressively trusted by her dad then her siblings who are inner self driven, ordinary guys asserting directly over the property she made. The story spins around Alexandra and her three siblings. Emil who is her most youthful sibling and is sent to concentrate by Alexandra is very near her, and they share a very profound comprehension. Actually, Alexandra’s close connection must be related to three primary characters: Carl, Marie and Emil. The story gets twisty when Emil and Marie, (who is as of now wedded to Frank) goes gaga for one another and are gotten by Frank who shoots them. Be that as it may, the conclusion to the novel is somewhat stunning according to Alexandra’s reaction to the demise of her caring sibling and her dear companion Marie, in light of the fact that she pardons Frank. This response appeared to be shocking on the grounds that Alexa ndra cherished Emil an excessive amount to excuse his killer so effectively, however there are various explanations for her choice. One of the most significant reasons identifies with the way that Alexandra recognized what sort of individual Frank was, and she was never entirely attached to him as an individual, yet she likewise realized that Marie crossed her cutoff points and by keeping relations with Emil, she broke the ties of devotion and righteousness as she permitted herself into a demonstration of infidelity. Emil and Marie fouled up and Frank despite the fact that he killed them, simply did what he was relied upon to do being the individual he was and the appalling life he lived and provided for Marie as well. So Alexandra could make out the determination that Emil and Marie were to be increasingly accused at that point Frank was to this homicide. She had feelings toward Frank, who lived in a town which was unfamiliar to him and had no companions or family here yet just Mar ie who swindled him and drove him into carrying out this wrongdoing. Likewise, when she went to visit Frank in prison she understood that Frank was taking care of the most punishment for a wrongdoing more ascribed to Emil and Marie then Frank on the grounds that the conditions in prison were excessively negative and he didn't had the right to live in such dreadful conditions. Alexandra’s choice to discharge Frank was affected by the kind of life she had lived. She devoted her life to her territory, in sustaining and thriving it and in doing this, she by one way or another disregarded her women's liberation. She dedicated all her adoration and care to the land and in a manner she lost her sentiments towards the contrary sex, the sentiment of fascination, of enjoying and cherishing or in any event, understanding the sexuality and erection which existed among Emil and Maria. This side is called her blind spot in the novel. Burning through the entirety of her adoration to the lan d left no limit in Alexandra to comprehend the sexual emotions or erection which is stimulated between other genders thus she could comprehend Frank beyond what she could comprehend sentiments of Marie. Besides, despite the fact that being free and solid in character, Alexandra is portrayed to be a strictly devoted individual who trusts in following traditions and affirms to the lessons of The Bible. She plainly ignores Marie breaking the pledge and guarantees she made when getting hitched to Frank and this inclination gets significantly more grounded on account of her outperform of the sentiment of affection and fascination. Alexandra was agamic by her character as a result of having no connection with any person

Historical events Essay

Contingent upon the political perspectives on a journalist, editorialist, creator, or news organization, the realities can be accounted for in a wide range of ways. This can regularly cause debate with respect to reality, as various sources report contrasting things as being valid. This is additionally evident when discussing chronicled occasions, as various individuals will talk diversely of various occasions, contingent upon their political alliance and convictions. By scheduling the data with a certain goal in mind, the columnist can promote their own political plan, by causing their convictions to appear the correct ones. In the event that an individual is a traditionalist strategically, it would not bode well for the person in question to report the news in a way that would bolster progressivism and the other way around. This is evident in the manner that Fox News and CNN report the news on an every day bases. There are obviously some political inclinations that contort the reality, so as to best serve the convictions held by the individuals at these offices. From a chronicled perspective, it would not bode well for an administration to re-tell history in a way that causes it to appear to be domineering or even savage, so dependent on these political objectives, the legislature can basically decide to leave certain parts of history out. This makes it feasible for them to control popular assessment in the way that best commendations their goals. A case of how the way where a report is accounted for can change the whole occasion is seen is an ongoing story that was gotten by both Fox News and CNN. The story was about a visit that President George W. Bramble and Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld set out on so as to expand support for the war in Iraq. While precisely the same discourse was secured by both news offices, the data that was given to the general population was diverse for each situation. Fox News concentrated on the positives that had been cultivated in Iraq. It began by giving numbers on what number of Iraqi officers had been prepared to battle agitators in the district. Rumsfeld was cited as saying that â€Å"95 brigades, 50,000 of the 212,000 Iraqi power, are prepared, prepared and in the battle against insurgents† (Baier). Fox likewise tried referencing how Iraqi powers were playing an expanded job in the adjustment of Iraq and they were well headed to having the option to guard their own nation. Fox proceeded by including Rumsfeld’s quote that pulling back soldiers from Iraq would be counter gainful to their enemy of dread development and would â€Å"put the United States ‘at still more noteworthy risk’† (Baier). Fox News remembered to make reference to how George Bush said that he has a methodology for triumph, regardless of the way that no particular system is talked about. Ultimately, Fox News included Rumsfeld’s guarantee that â€Å"most residents in Iraq are not supporting their (the insurgents’) cause† (Baier). By correlation, CNN took this story a totally unique way by including negative perspectives the war to its inclusion. CNN starts by referencing that the war is turning out to be â€Å"increasingly unpopular† (Bush: No Iraq Pullout Without Victory) in the United States. CNN proceeds with its unflattering perspectives by saying, â€Å"About 159,000 soldiers are in Iraq, up from around 138,000 in the summer† (Bush: No Iraq Pullout Without Victory). This shows how ineffective the Bush organization has been at achieving its objective of getting the soldiers out of Iraq. The CNN articles additionally reminds the peruser that the war started under the presumption that Iraq was in control of weapons of mass demolition and that regardless of this case, no weapons had been found in the nation. This is something that the administration would frantically like the individuals to overlook, yet CNN won't let them. CNN additionally gives figures on the loss of life of American soldiers in Iraq. This is another weakness, as the individuals who contradict the war frequently raise the way that numerous American warriors have kicked the bucket battling in a war that has no point. A fast notice is additionally given of hostile to war demonstrators that appeared while Bush was talking. Fox made no notice of this since it is hostile to Bush. At long last, CNN’s inclusion of this story incorporated the assessments of Senator Jack Reed, who is a Democrat from Rhode Island. His suppositions are hostile to Bush, because of his political alliance. Reed remarks add to the negative picture this article paints of Bush. These two articles spread precisely the same thing, yet they are clearly spun in totally different ways. While a portion of similar statements are utilized in the two stories, they are not utilized in a similar way. Because of their preservationist perspectives, which harmonize with the Republican Party’s perspectives, Fox News centers around the positives that are coming out of Iraq. Since Fox News is viewed as a supporter of the Bush organization, it will incline its accounts to paint Bush and his related in a positive way. Fox likewise does exclude any restricting proclamations or varying perspectives in its article, which gives the peruser the feeling that what they are revealing is the main assessment of this topic. CNN, then again, is better at investigating the two sides of the story. This article is more centerist than all else, as it presents the two sides of the story, albeit maybe not similarly. CNN says a great deal of negative things about the war in Iraq, because of its liberal philosophy, yet it likewise includes the thing Rumsfeld expressed about specific things. CNN’s inclusion doesn't tail one specific political belief system yet can rather be deciphered as hostile to traditionalist which, thusly, makes it against Bush. Seeing as how a story that cites both Bush and Rumsfeld would just give one political view, CNN got the assistance of a Democratic Senator, so as to give a contrasting philosophy on the issue. Both of these systems take the occasions that happened, and compose them in a way that will engage their watchers the most, despite the fact that them two forget about things and incorporate outside assets that add to their objectives. This pattern, be that as it may, has prompted the open getting â€Å"increasingly critical toward the news media, as reflected in the drooping validity appraisals for some outlets. All the more for the most part, a larger part of Americans (53%) concur with the announcement ‘I regularly don’t trust what news associations are stating. ’ And while 43% can't help contradicting that announcement, just 9% totally can't help contradicting it† (Attitudes Toward the News: News Audiences Increasingly Politicized). A chronicled occasion that that has been changed because of a specific political philosophy is the happenings encompassing the Nicaraguan appointment of 1990. The American government had the belief system that the Sandinistas, who were in power in Nicaragua, were bad for American interests in the area. It was accounted for in the New York Times soon after the political race this was a long past due triumph for the resistance, as American political goals didn't concur with the Socialist system in Nicaragua. David Shipler composed, beyond any doubt halfway in view of the showdown with the U. S. , Nicaragua’s economy endured horrendously, making way for the across the board open discontent with the Sandinistas reflected in Sunday’s balloting. In any case, barely any legislatures become moderate during a war; the contra war fortified Sandinista hard-liners and most likely added to their harsh approaches. The best approach to goals opened just when Congress suspended the war, in actuality, to allow the Sandinistas to continue equitably. . . . Along these lines, Nicaragua’s political decision has vindicated Washington’s youngster program of giving open, above-board financing to enable law based techniques to flourish in nations with tyrant systems. (A. 27) Because of the inclination that the American government needed to put on this circumstance, they just discharged certain data to the overall population, which offered the open a positive input of how the circumstance was taken care of. The American government depicted Sandinista pioneer Daniel Ortega as an awful man who tormented his kin for quite a long time and possibly lost the his capacity when he consented to a majority rule political race. As a general rule, be that as it may, Ortega won a political decision in 1984 by a serious wide edge and had been gaining ground in Nicaragua, until a gathering of U. S. sponsored aggressors started a war with him and his soldiers. This is the prevailing belief system also. During this timespan, the United States had the option to utilize the way that the Sandinistas are a left wing party, as the Communist Party in the Soviet Union was, so as to pick up help for their activities in Nicaragua. The American government right up 'til the present time keeps on telling the individuals of the United States that U. S. strategy expects to keep supporting the combination of the majority rule process started in Nicaragua with the 1990 appointment of President Chamorro. The United States has advanced national compromise, urging Nicaraguans to determine their issues through exchange and bargain. It perceives as real all political powers that comply with the law based process and shun viciousness. U. S. help is centered around reinforcing fair establishments, animating maintainable monetary development, and supporting the wellbeing and fundamental instruction segments. (Foundation Note: Nicaragua) A contrasting political view, be that as it may, is held by Noam Chomsky. He has revealed vastly different happenings in Nicaragua, because of his political point being entirely different than the American government’s and the New York Times’. He has detailed that â€Å"Nicaragua was†¦exceptional in the quality of that government’s commitment†¦to improving the state of the individuals and empowering their dynamic cooperation in the improvement process† (Chomsky 42) which makes the United States’ objective of keeping the Sandinistas out of intensity appear to be odd. The genuine motivation behind why the American government di

7 Steps to Avoid Crying in the Workplace

7 Steps to Avoid Crying in the Workplace “Emotional t??ring i? und?r very w??k ??n??i?u? ??ntr?l â€" most people ??n’t do it voluntarily,” Cr?ing, lik? blu?hing, i? ?n ?m?ti?n-r?l?t?d ?h??i?l?gi??l r????n??, for whi?h ?ur b?di?? don’t r??ll? h?v? r?li?bl? ?n ?r ?ff switchesScientists tell u? that crying i? a basic human r???ti?n to ?m?ti?n and I ?gr??. I’m ?ur? ??u ?gr?? t??.But th? ?u??ti?n i?, are w? ?ll?w?d t? ?h?w th?t basic human emotions ?t work?Different ????l? h?v? diff?r?nt vi?w? when it ??m?? t? thi? t??i?. S?m? w?uld th?t ?rgu? it ?ll depend on a host of thing?, ??m? ?th?r? believe it’s ?tri?tl? forbidden and shouldn’t b? d?n?. But ?n? thing w? could generally ?gr?? ?n i? th?t it ?h?uld b? ?v?id?d if possible.S?, thing? lik? b?d news at home, a negative r?vi?w, ?uni?hing d??dlin?? ?r a n??t? ??-w?rk?r ??n send ??ur ?m?ti?n? ?ut ?f control.Kimb?rl? Elsbach, a ?r?f????r ?t the UC D?vi? Gr?du?t? School of M?n?g?m?nt, h?? ??ll??t?d hundr?d? ?f “?r?ing stories” fr?m w?rking ?r?f???i?n?l? wh? h?v? wit n????d w???ing ??-w?rk?r?.A? a “?ri?r” h?r??lf, ?h? was int?r??t?d in h?w ?th?r? ??r??iv?d tears ?t work. Th? n?w? w??n’t good.Elsbach’s research ?h?w? it’? ?????t?bl? to ?x?r??? fru?tr?ti?n, ?ng?r, disappointment and ??dn??? ?t w?rk, but ?r?ing tends t? g?t excessively punished b???u?? it d?m?nd? ?? much ?tt?nti?n, she ????.Humans produce thr?? t???? of tearsB???l: The t??r du?t? ??n?t?ntl? secrete basal tears, which ?r? a protein-rich ?ntib??t?ri?l liquid that h?l? t? k??? th? ???? moist ?v?r? tim? a ??r??n blinks.R?fl?x: These ?r? tears trigg?r?d b? irrit?nt? ?u?h as wind, smoke, ?r ?ni?n?. They are released t? flush out these irrit?nt? and ?r?t??t th? ???.Emotional: Humans ?h?d t??r? in r????n?? t? a range of emotions. Th??? tears ??nt?in a higher l?v?l of stress h?rm?n?? th?n ?th?r types of t??r?.“It creates thi? im?r???i?n ?f need, that the person n??d? help. It’s ?lm??t lik? a b?b? crying â€" in th?t we’re programmed ?? hum?n b?ing? to r???t t? ?r?ing in ?n ?m ??th?ti? w??,” Elsbach ????. “Whil? that’s perfectly acceptable in many circumstances, at w?rk it’? seen ?? ?n intru?i?n: ‘At w?rk, I ?h?uldn’t be ??k?d t? provide ?m?ti?n?l ?u???rt.’” Cri?r? w?r? ?ft?n l?b?ll?d as w??k, un?r?f???i?n?l, un?u?lifi?d ?r even m?ni?ul?tiv?.Th?? w?r? tr??t?d with kid gl?v?? b? ??ll??gu?? and b????? ?fr?id t? upset th?m or worried ?b?ut th?ir t?ughn???, El?b??h ????. One r???nt ?tud? found t??rful ????l? are ???n as warmer, but l??? ??m??t?nt.Bi?l?gi??l diff?r?n??? ?nd ???i?l ?t?r??t???? dictate how w? r???t wh?n w?’r? upset, ?r wh?n w? see ??m??n? ?l?? ?r?ing publicly.M?rk?t r????r?h ??m??n? Y?uG?v ?urv???d 1,000 American ?dult? ?n their crying b?h?vi?r? ?nd perceptions ?b?ut where it i? ???r??ri?t? to l?t one’s ?m?ti?n? flow.W?m?n report b?ing more accepting ?f public ?r?ing th?n m?n, th?ugh th? m?j?rit? of both g?nd?r? ??? it is acceptable.Whil? 80 ??r??nt ?f ?urv???d men ?nd 84 ??r??nt ?f surveyed w?m?n say th?? b?li?v? it i? accep table f?r w?m?n t? ?r? in public, 66 percent ?f m?n ?nd 78 ??r??nt ?f w?m?n say it i? acceptable f?r men to d? th? same.Opinions between g?nd?r? ?l?? differed slightly when it came t? th? ?r???rti?n ?f m?n who b?li?v? th?t i? it un?????t?bl?.Whil? ?nl? 12 ??r??nt of w?m?n b?li?v? it i? un?????t?bl? for men t? shed tears ?ut in the open, 21 ??r??nt of men say men ?h?uld not cry in ?ubli?.But th?r?’? a ?r?bl?m with these figur??, whil? a l?rg?r ?r???rti?n of the ?urv?? think? it’? ju?t hum?n t? ?r? at work, I’d r?th?r n?t.Th?t being established, h?r? ?r? 7 ?t??? t? avoid crying in th? w?rk place.Eight Ways to L??k B?n??th th? T??r?Because w?v? been t?ld emotion should n?t b? ?x?r????d in the workplace, ?r?ing at w?rk i? ?ft?n ??nfu?ing ?nd upsetting.Even if w? know how t? work through ?ur ?m?ti?n? ?t home, we m?? not be adept ?t ?x?mining our f??ling? ?n the j?b.If ??ur ?r?ing b?th?r? you, B?bkirk ?ugg??t? ?x?l?ring th? ??i??d? u?ing th? following techniques and ?u??ti?n?:L?t th e St?rm P???: Fini?h ?ut the ?r?ing in a way th?t? ???r??ri?t? t? th? ??rti?ul?r n?tur? of your w?rk?l???. W?it until l?t?r in the day, after ??uv? r?g?in?d your centre n?tur?ll?, to ?n?l?z? ??ur ?r?ing.R?run th? Situation: L??k ?t ??ur crying as if ??u w?r? ?n?l?zing a ?rim? ???n?. Take time t? l??k into wh?t r??ll? happened b?f?r? ??u add ?m?ti?n t? th? picture. Wh? was th?r?? Wh? said wh?t? Wh?t h????n?d?Id?ntif? th? Related Em?ti?n?: Did you f??l ??dn???? Ang?r? Frustration? Confusion?Name th? Trigger: Wh?t set ?ff the crying? See if ??u can ??nn??t the crying with something in the m?m?nt. F?r ?x?m?l?, did ??m??n? sideline ??ur w?rk? T?k? ?r?dit f?r something undul?? Remind ??u ?f a ???t f?ilur?? M?k? you think ?b?ut what ??ud r?th?r be doing? If there w?? no trigg?r, ??k ??ur??lf if th? ?r?ing h?? b??n ?ng?ing for w??k?. If so, ??n?id?r ???ing a ??un??ll?r t? determine if ??u are ?uff?ring from Depression.A?k Y?ur??lf Wh?t Gave the Situ?ti?n T??th: Alth?ugh some ????l? ?r? more ???il? th?n others, it is ?lw??? a ?ign ?f ??w?rful emotions. Wh?t w?? ?? diffi?ult ?b?ut th? ?itu?ti?n th?t it caused t??r??A?k Y?ur??lf if y?ur R???ti?n M?t?h?d th? Situ?ti?n: If ??u r???iv? a pink slip ?nd ?r?, th?t? und?r?t?nd?bl?. If ??u ?r???nt an idea th?t? met with r????n?bl? ?nd un-?bu?iv? disagreement, ?r?ing i? n?t w?rr?nt?d ?nd may signal hidd?n origins.Dig Further: If ??u ?till feel like ??u dont h?v? a handle ?n wh?t ??u??d th? crying ?r what you w?r? f??ling, j?urn?ling ?r t?lking through th? situation with a g??d friend m?? h?l? you discover it.S?t a C?ur?? ?f A?ti?n: On?? ??u und?r?t?nd th? ?itu?ti?n, ?t?rt ?n a ?l?n t? make your life b?tt?r. Taking ?t??? t?w?rd im?r?ving th? ?itu?ti?n i? ?m??w?ring ?nd will ultimately l??d you to a m?r? peaceful, ??w?rful ?l???. Ev?n if the ?r?bl?m turn? ?ut t? b? m?j?r, ??u ??uld d?v?l?? a five-year plan, incorporating ??un??ling, training, j?b ?h?ng?? and life ?h?ng??.7 STEPS TO AV?ID CR?ING IN TH? W?RK?L???“Crying i? all righ t in it? way whil? it l??t?. But ??u have t? ?t?? ???n?r or l?t?r, and then ??u ?till h?v? t? decide what to d?”. C.S. L?wi?, Th? Silv?r Ch?ir1. Take a d??? breath and ??untIf ??u g?t overwhelmed b? ?m?ti?n? ?t w?rk, ?r m??b? ju?t upset, tr? to r?f??u? your ?tt?nti?n ?n ??ur br??thing.Th? d??? saturating br??th? that m?k? our ?kin tingle. Just ?t?? and think about it.Y?u ??n d? it ?n? tim?, wh?r?v?r ??u ?r?, wh?t?v?r ??u ?r? doing.On?? th??? emotions begin t? ??m? and ??u think ??u ?r? ?b?ut t? ?r?, ju?t br??th d???.Th?r? ?r? n? f?n?? steps th?t you n??d to take. Sim?l? br??th? in ?l?wl? ?nd d???l? thr?ugh ??ur n???. Dr?w in th? air ?nd f??l it fill your lungs.Now ?xh?l? slowly thr?ugh ??ur m?uth. Y?u ??n feel th? ?x?g?n ??tur?ting ??ur body.Wh?n w? get u???t, w? often don’t let ?ir in and ?ut ?f our b?di?? ?r???rl? â€" th?n ?ur br??th g?t? trapped and ?r??t?? t?n?i?n. Being ?w?r? of your br??thing will help ??u relax physically ?nd m?nt?ll?.Wh?n you f??l th? t??r? starting t? come, slowly t?k? a deep breath thr?ugh ??ur n??? and ?xh?l? thr?ugh ??ur m?uth and ??unt to t?n. Counting will help you f??u? ??l?l? on your breathing ?nd not what’s making ??u w?nt t? ?r?.Ev?n just t?king a ?ingl? d??? br??th ??n stabilize ??u when you want t? cry.Take one big deep br??th in, h?ld it for a moment (n?t too long, let’s n?t faint ?nd ??u?? a ???n?), ?nd l?t it all ?ut.This will ???? your mind ?nd giv? ??u a moment to pause before you have t? d??l with wh?t’? m?king ??u upset.2. Pin?h ??ur??lf or squeeze ??m?thingAn?th?r gr??t w?? to di?tr??t ??ur??lf i? b? ?in?hing ??ur??lf or giving yourself a short, ?h?r? ?h??k.Gr?bbing ??m?thing tight ?l?? h?l??. Dig ??ur n?il? into th? palms ?f ??ur h?nd?, ??u??z? ??ur hands t?g?th?r, ?r punch th? tops ?f ??ur thigh?.Doing this will m?k? your brain f??u? ?n th? ??in r?th?r th?n what is upsetting ??u, ?nd you’ll, therefore, b? able t? r?g?in ??ntr?l.Squeezing ?n ?bj??t can ?l?? help ??u r?m?in in ??ntr?l when ??u f??l ?? t h?ugh you want t? ?r?. If ??u have ??m?thing d??ign?d f?r squeezing, lik? a ?tr??? b?ll, all th? b?tt?r!However, a jum??r, ?hirt, or ?n?thing ??u can g?t ??ur hands on should b? ju?t as ?ff??tiv?.Pinching ?ugg??ti?n is lik?l? t? h?l?, ??id Ad Vingerhoets, a ??i?nti?t ?t Tilburg University wh? ?tudi?? emotional tears.The ??n??ti?n ?f physical pain will ?r?b?bl? b? ?n?ugh t? di?tr??t ??u fr?m ??ur ?m?ti?n?l ??in long enough t? ?t?? ??u fr?m ?r?ing, but th?r?’? ?l?? a less ??inful general rul? t? f?ll?w here.“I ??n im?gin? th?t, m?r? generally, increasing muscle tension and m?ving m?? limit your ?r?ing r????n??, because it ???m? th?t ?r?ing i? in particular a ????iv? and h?l?l??? r???ti?n,” h? ??id.In ?n ??rli?r ??nv?r??ti?n, Ving?rh??t? told ??id th?t helplessness i? th? “??r? of ?r?ing” â€" it’? th? ?m?ti?n m??t lik?l? to bring on a crying bing?.Th? opposite ?f f??ling h?l?l???, ?f ??ur??, i? f??ling in control, ?nd r????r?h h?? ?ugg??t?d th?t ?n? w?? to increase self-con trol i? tensing u? ??ur muscles, ?? th? advice ???m? like it ??uld w?rk.3. L?t ??ur ?ng?r ?utSometimes ?ng?r m?nif??t? it??lf ?? t??r?. Thi? i? unf?rtun?t? b???u?? ?r?ing wh?n ??u’r? ?ngr? ??n ??u?? people t? not t?k? ??ur ??n??rn? ?nd f??ling? ??ri?u?l?.Thi? is ?n i??u? th?t g?n?r?ll? ?ff??t? w?m?n m?r? so th?n m?n â€" as children, girl? t??i??ll? ?r?n’t ???i?liz?d t? ?x?r??? ?ng?r ?r engage in conflict, whereas b??? are ??n?t?ntl? t?ld not t? ?r?.B?ing ??mf?rt?bl? with being angry, ?x?r???ing ?ur anger (in a f?rm ?th?r than t??r?), ?nd ?ng?ging in ??nfli?t ??n l??d t? less ?r?ing in th? future.4. Remove ??ur??lf from the ?itu?ti?nIf you get th? chance t? put some ????? b?tw??n ??ur??lf and what’s m?king ??u f??l ?tr????d ?r ?v?rwh?lm?d, it’s probably a g??d idea t? take advantage ?f th?t opportunity.Take a step b??k, giv? ??ur??lf a moment for ??ur ?m?ti?n? t? cool d?wn, ?nd heck, watch a funny YouTube vid?? if ??u need t?.If possible, ??u might want to avoid scheduling me etings or ?v?nt? that ??uld ??t?nti?ll? m?k? ??u u???t until ?ft?r ??ur ?m?ti?n? h?v? ??ttl?d.Wh?t’? worse th?n ?r?ing ?t w?rk?Cr?ing ?t w?rk twi?? in one d??.5. Tr? ?ut different ???ing mechanismsTake n?t? ?f what your imm?di?t? r???ti?n i? wh?n ??u g?t u???t ?nd try ?ut a n?w ?r????? of d??ling with ??ur negative f??ling?.If ??u start to ?i?k up on patterns â€" lik? getting t??r? b?f?r? meetings with ??ur b??? â€" try t? ?ddr??? ??ur f??ling? b?f?r?h?nd t? cope with them.If a ??rt?in kind ?f music ??lm? ??u d?wn, tr? li?t?ning t? a ?l??li?t f?r 15 minut?? before t?ugh m??ting?.M?k? ?ur? t? only li?t?n t? mu?i? th?t ??tu?ll? ??lm? ??u down â€" if your favorite ??ng i? M? H??rt Will G? On b? Celine Di?n, ??u ?r?b?bl? d?n’t want to listen t? th?t wh?n ??u’r? tr?ing to ?v?id getting ?ll worked u?.6. Try b?h?vi?r?l m?difi??ti?nTh? g?n?r?l id?? ?f b?h?vi?r?l therapy i? to ??? more ?tt?nti?n to problem th?ught? and behaviors, ?? th?t ??u ??n habituate better w??? t? deal with th?m. If ??u notice a b?h?vi?r ??tt?rn-???, ??u ?lw??? tear up b?f?r? meetings with ??ur b???-?r??ti?? im?l?m?nting ???ing mechanisms.If ?l???i??l mu?i? calms ??u down, get in th? habit ?f popping in your headphones 15 minut?? b?f?r? the ?t?rt ?f predictably t?ugh meetings.Y?u control your ?m?ti?n?l responses. You are ?m??w?r?d by that control.Th? more you ??n r?inf?r?? thi? m????g? t? ??ur??lf, th? more successfully you m?? m?n?g? your responses t? ?tr???ful ?itu?ti?n?.Y?u could ?l?? tr? r?i?ing your head while ??u ?r? ?t it ?? that you ??n k??? th? tears in whil? ??u ?r? m?dif?ing ??ur behaviour.7. M?v? your ???? ?nd Press ??ur tongue ?g?in?t th? r??f ?f ??ur m?uthM?ving your ???? around ??n ?l?? ?t?? the t??r? fr?m f?lling. M?ving ??ur eyes ?r?und ??tu?ll? controls the t??r?, ?? they ?r? l??? likely t? fall fr?m ??ur eyes.Blinking ?ui?kl? can ?l?? h?l? ??ntr?l tears, but th?r? i? a ??int if ??ur t??r du?t? are ?lr??d? full that blinking will ?nl? m?k? th?m spill ?ut in?t??d.Pressing ?? ur tongue against th? r??f of ??ur m?uth or b?hind th? front of ??ur teeth i? ?n?th?r good way t? stop yourself from ?r?ing, ?? if you f??l ??ur??lf welling up, tr? thi? ?ubtl? m?th?d ?nd ??? if it w?rk?!Y?U CRIED ?T WORK, ?? WH?T?“W? n??d n?v?r b? ??h?m?d of our t??r?”. Ch?rl?? Dickens, Gr??t Ex???t?ti?n?Whil? it? certainly not g??d if ??u find yourself crying at w?rk all th? tim? â€" ?nd if you d?, th?t? a ?ign th?t ??u ?ith?r need t? work ?n m?n?ging ??ur ?m?ti?n?, or n??d a n?w job â€" ??m?tim??, w?rk ?r?ing i? in?vit?bl?.S? l?t? ?t?? pretending its a thing th?t ?nl? ?th?r ????l? d?.H?r? ?r? a f?w r????n? wh? you ?h?uldnt feel ashamed ?b?ut it.a. Cr?ing W?nt H?ld Y?u B??k Pr?f???i?n?ll?C?nv?nti?n?l wi?d?m advises th?t crying ?t w?rk might hold back ??ur ??r??r.Many ????l? â€" including, ?ur?ri?ingl?, m?n? professional women â€" ?r? inv??t?d in th? id?? th?t crying in th? ?ffi?? in fr?nt ?f male ??ll??gu?? will k??? ??u fr?m g?tting hired or promoted, and m?rk you ?? someone who ??nt h?ndl? h?rd work.But th? facts ju?t dont b??r thi? th??r? ?ut.Many high-ranking ?r?f???i?n?l w?m?n have r???rt?d ?r?ing ?n th? j?b, and some h?v? even r???rt?d th?t it im?r?v?d their ?itu?ti?n? â€" ?n? executive interviewed by F?rtun? n?t?d th?t h?r t??r? ?f fru?tr?ti?n during a dr?wn-?ut business di??u??i?n ??tu?ll? r?mind?d h?r co-workers th?t they h?d l??t ?ight ?f th?ir ?rigin?l g??l.And Ann? Kr??m?r, author ?f It’? Alw??? P?r??n?l: Em?ti?n in the New Workplace, ???k? to hundr?d? ?f ????l? wh? h?d ?ri?d at w?rk, ?nd f?und it m?d? n? diff?r?n?? in terms ?f their ??r??r ?u?????.St?v? J?b?, in f??t, w?? w?ll-kn?wn ?r?und Apple h??d?u?rt?r? f?r hi? fr??u?nt w?rk?l??? ?r?ing.Ar? ??u ?u?????d t? b? held t? a higher standard th?n St?v? Jobs?b. It ??n’t be th? worst thing people have d?n? in th? work placeThink ?f ??ur co-worker wh? takes n??? in the store r??m ?v?r? ?ft?rn??n, ?r the ??r??n whos always watching basketball g?m?? really l?udl? ?n th?ir computer.N?w think of a co-worker wh? had a ??ughing fit whil? giving a ?r???nt?ti?n.Was h? b?ing rude and inappropriate?N?, because h? wasnt doing something t? di?ru?t ?th?r peoples d??? on ?ur????.Something ?h??i??ll? happened t? him, because he liv?? in?id? th? same vuln?r?bl? m??t-hu?k of a hum?n b?d? ?? th? r??t of u?, and was un?bl? t? ?t?? it.Cr?ing is the ??m? d??l.c. It D???nt Hurt Other PeopleCr?ing i?nt getting ?ngr? and throwing a ?h?n?, or kn??king ????r? t? th? ground, or ?n? number of ?th?r explosive, bullying, or intimidating behaviours that ?r? t?l?r?t?d in m?n?.It? n?t ??lling ?t an int?rn ?r ???i?t?nt because ??u f??l overextended ?nd ?xh?u?t?d.Crying d???nt mess u? ?n??n? ?l??? d??, it doesnt make ?n??n? ?l?? f??l frightened, ?nd it d???nt m?k? ?n??n? g?t n?rv?u? that th?ir j?b might b? on the line. It? ju?t ??m? bl?b? ?f saline.It? not ?n??n? elses bu?in??? why ??ur? ?r?ing, b???u?? your crying isnt hurting th?m â€" and th? id?? th?t ??u ?w? ?n??n? ?n ?x?l?n?ti?n ?b?ut why ??ur? cry ing at w?rk i? rude, frankly.d. Th?r? Is No Su?h Thing A? A Wr?ng Or Right T??? Of Cr?ingM?n? people believe that some w?rk?l??? ?r?ing i? permissible, depending on th? ??u?? ?f ??ur crying â€" i.?. no one will h?ld it ?g?in?t you if ??u burst int? t??r? ?ft?r finding ?ut ?b?ut ??ur div?r??, but everyone will hold it ?g?in?t you if ??u ?r? b???u?? your boss screamed ?t ??u after ??u br?k? th? copier.The f?ult? ???um?ti?n h?r? i?, ?f course, th?t ??m?tim?? its the right ?f your co-workers to judg? ??u b???d ?n ??ur n?n-inv??iv? di??l?? ?f ?m?ti?n.Wh?t a ?r??k. There i? no wrong ?nd right type of crying. Th?r? i? ju?t genuine hum?n ?m?ti?n.e. Everybody El?? H?? Cried At W?rkA l?t ?f u? have ?ri?d at w?rk.S? m?n? of u?, in f??t, th?t it ??nt ju?t be a sign of b?ing a ?r???? ?m?l????.In f??t, 41 ??r??nt of w?m?n have ?ri?d ?t work at ??m? ??int in th?ir ??r??r? â€" h?w ??n ??u l??n in t? that ?t?ti?ti?, whil? ?till ?r?t?nding th?t crying at w?rk is some freak occurrence that only h????n ? t? big babies?f. Fin?ll?, Crying Doesnt Make Y?u W??kTh?r?? ?n ?ld lin? ?f thinking that ???it? th?t ?r?ing makes ??u ???m l??? ??w?rful.What is im?li?d, of ??ur??, is th?t when ??ur? a woman, ?r?ing m?k?? ??u l??? ??w?rful (?ft?r all, no ?n? ?l?im?d th?t ?ft?r President Ob?m? ?ri?d during a speech to his campaign staff in 2012, he h?d ??m?h?w b???m? less ?r??id?nt-?).MSNBC h??t Mik? Brz?zin?ki told The Huffington P??t th?t th? experience of crying at w?rk m?d? her f??l th?t when you ?r?, ??u giv? away power.But a 2011 ?tud? ?n crying in th? w?rk?l???, which ?urv???d ?v?r 700 American w?rk?r? ?t ?ll diff?r?nt l?v?l? ?f their careers, f?und th?t not ?nl? did ?m?l????? at ?v?r? ?t?? on th? career ladder ?r? ?t work, but th?t ?ft?r th?? ?ri?d, m??t women judg?d themselves f?r more h?r?hl? th?n th?? judg?d crying ??-w?rk?r?.BENEFITS ?F ?R?ING“D? n?t ???l?giz? f?r crying. Without thi? ?m?ti?n, we are only r?b?t?”. Eliz?b?th Gilb?rt, Eat, Pr??, Love It’s n?t r???mm?nd?d ??u ?r? a t work ?n? w???, but ?r?ing d??? have m?di??l benefits.So wh?n n?xt ??u ?r? at w?rk, l??k ?t it from thi? ??r????tiv?, maybe it w?uld help ??u feel b?tt?r.“P???l? m?? tr? t? ?u??r??? t??r? if th?? see them as a ?ign ?f weakness, but science ?ugg??t? th?t doing ?? ??uld m??n mi??ing ?ut ?n a range ?f b?n?fit?. Researchers h?v? found th?t ?r?ing:”i. H?? a ???thing ?ff??tSelf-soothing is wh?n ????l?:regulate th?ir own emotions??lm themselvesr?du?? th?ir own distressA 2014 ?tud? found th?t crying m?? h?v? a dir??t, ??lf-???thing ?ff??t on ????l?.The ?tud? ?x?l?in?d h?w ?r?ing activates the ??r???m??th?ti? nervous ???t?m (PNS), which helps ????l? r?l?x.ii. Gets support fr?m othersA? well ?? h?l?ing ????l? ??lf-???th?, ?r?ing ??n h?l? ????l? g?t ?u???rt fr?m ?th?r? ?r?und th?m.A? thi? 2016 study ?x?l?in?, ?r?ing i? ?rim?ril? ?n ?tt??hm?nt b?h?vi?r, ?? it r?lli?? ?u???rt fr?m th? ????l? ?r?und u?. Thi? is kn?wn ?? ?n interpersonal or social benefit.iii. Helps to relieve ??inResearch ha s f?und that in addition to being self-soothing, shedding ?m?ti?n?l t??r? r?l????? ?x?t??in ?nd endorphins.Th??? ?h?mi??l? make ????l? f??l g??d and m?? also ???? b?th ?h??i??l ?nd ?m?ti?n?l pain. In thi? way, ?r?ing can h?l? reduce ??in ?nd promote a ??n?? ?f w?ll-b?ing.iv. Enh?n??? m??dCrying m?? h?l? lift ????l?? spirits ?nd m?k? th?m f??l b?tt?r.As w?ll ?? relieving ??in, ?x?t??in ?nd endorphins ??n h?l? im?r?v? m??d.Thi? is why they ?r? often kn?wn ?? feel good ?h?mi??l?.v. R?l????? t?xin? ?nd r?li?v?? stressWhen humans cry in r????n?? t? ?tr???, th?ir tears ??nt?in a numb?r of ?tr??? h?rm?n?? and ?th?r ?h?mi??l?.R????r?h?r? b?li?v? th?t ?r?ing ??uld r?du?? th? levels of th??? ?h?mi??l? in the b?d?, whi?h ??uld, in turn, reduce ?tr???. M?r? research i? n??d?d into this ?r??, h?w?v?r, t? ??nfirm this.vi. Aid? sleepA ?m?ll ?tud? in 2015 found that ?r?ing can h?l? b?bi?? ?l??? better. Wh?th?r ?r?ing h?? th? same ?l???-?nh?n?ing ?ff??t ?n adults is ??t t? be r????r?h?d.However, it follows th?t th? ??lming, m??d-?nh?n?ing, ?nd ??in-r?li?ving effects ?f ?r?ing above may h?l? a ??r??n fall ??l??? m?r? ???il?.vii. Fight? b??t?ri?Cr?ing h?l?? to kill b??t?ri? ?nd k??? the ???? ?l??n as tears ??nt?in a fluid ??ll?d lysozyme.A 2011 ?tud? f?und th?t l???z?m? h?d ?u?h powerful ?ntimi?r?bi?l ?r???rti?? that it could even h?l? t? r?du?? ri?k? ?r???nt?d by bi?t?rr?r ?g?nt?, ?u?h ?? ?nthr?x.viii. Improves vi?i?nB???l t??r?, whi?h ?r? r?l????d every tim? a ??r??n blink?, h?l? t? keep the ???? m?i?t ?nd ?r?v?nt mu??u? m?mbr?n?? from dr?ing ?ut.A? th? National E?? In?titut? explains, th? lubri??ting effect ?f b???l t??r? h?l?? ????l? t? ??? m?r? clearly. Wh?n th? m?mbr?n?? dry ?ut, vi?i?n ??n b???m? blurry.“Those wh? d? n?t weep, d? n?t see”. Victor Hug?, L?? Mi?ér?bl??

Human/sex trafficking in Amsterdam - 1901 Words

â€Å"We thought slavery was a thing of the past. We haven’t been paying attention† (Atlanta Hosts Passion 2012). There is trafficking all around the world, whether society likes it or not, several kinds such as trafficking in drugs, other supplies and even trafficking in people. Human and sex trafficking has been known to use many women and children, who are then victimized for this cruel fate for over hundreds and even over thousands of years. â€Å"The transnational sex trafficking of women and children is based on a balance between the supply of victims from sending countries and the demand for victims in receiving countries. Sending countries are those from which victims can be relatively easily recruited, usually with false promises of jobs.†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Financescape characterizes the rapid and difficult-to-follow movements of money and finances between different locations and players--The shadow financescape is inscribed on the skin of tr afficked women† (Globalization, Penttinen, Elina). Traffickers have a major influence on these crimes, but so do the government; how do these women and children receive their green cards to leave their countries? This shows there is a major corruption in society, where officials have partaken in trafficking and exploitation in women and children, and society continues to be oblivious to this matter. This greatly ties into the sex trafficking in Amsterdam because it is solely known for their international sex tourism. Amsterdam is known for their largest tourist attraction, The Red Light District which began sometime in the 14th century. Window prostitution is the main attraction in this city, with its red illuminated windows, which makes the mood more sexual and sensual to help the working women to receive more customers, but there are many other forms of prostitution in Amsterdam as well. Such as, the window prostitution, working in a club, as an escort, or even at home or on the street. â€Å"There are approximately 20,000 prostitutes working the streets of the Netherlands (Janssen; Hovener, 2010). Of those, 40% are active in Amsterdam with 5% working the 370 windows or in sex clubs in and around the red light district† (Human in Action,Show MoreRelatedProstitution And Human Sex Trafficking1291 Words   |  6 Pagesright to rule over their own body. Prostitution, the exchanging of sexual services for payment, has been specifically outlawed by the State of New York. This direct targeting of the sex trade within New York leaves many people unprotected under the law, both in consensual prostitution and nonconsensual human sex trafficking, while greatly eliminating the potential tax revenue that would be generated. Prostitution, when involving consenting adults, is a victimless crime and when criminalized, it forcesRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus : Amsterdam, Netherlands1199 Words   |  5 Pages Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Amsterdam, Netherlands Erica Nichole Thomas University of Missouri Kansas City Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Amsterdam, Netherlands According to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2015), more than one million people are diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection each day worldwide. 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Victims of human trafficking feel as if they have no way to escape because they have limited ways to survive or make a good enough living to support themselves along with their families outside of the sex industry. Women, children and even men are taken from time to time bef ore they get the opportunity to receive little ifRead MoreIssues of the Legalized Female Prostitution in the Netherlands2806 Words   |  12 Pageshas become either a lifestyle choice or a hostile option for the female prostitutes in the Netherlands, particularly in the city of Amsterdam. The participants involved in the legalized policy of prostitution are subjected to ambiguous impacts which involve social, political, health, and economic divisions. Since prostitution was legalized as of the year 2000, Amsterdam has seen a decline in criminal activity, allowing workers an increase in autonomy, and provides better labor conditions. 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Girls are not just objects, they are human beings just like everyone else.† That disgusts me, are the thoughts I was having when I saw that Thailand has a total of around three million sex workers in their country, and the number is increasing. Prostitution is legal but human trafficking is not. How can we make prostitution legal and then not expect is to lead to more human trafficking around the world. Prostitution is the practice or occupation of engaging in sexual activity with

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Leadership For Health Social Care Services Free Essays

string(127) " be given appropriate support prior to making decisions \(prior to a judgement being made to say the individual can not do so\." Person centred practice (PCP) or more commonly referred to as person centred planning is based on the principles of inclusion and taking a holistic approach when planning the care service delivery. There are five key features of PCP; The individual is at the centre of the plan. The plan will identify what is important to the individual and identify the individuals’ strengths and what support they will require to achieve their potential. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership For Health Social Care Services or any similar topic only for you Order Now The individuals support network are involved in the ongoing planning and reviewing process. The plan will promote community participation for the individual. The plan is a live document which is reviewed by all involved minimum every 6 months or when circumstances change. The care planning, monitoring and reviewing of care plans are key aspects to working with individuals and care workers. In line with PCP key aspects must be adhered to including legislation and policy to ensure the individual is at the heart of the plan review process. However we must remember not to get caught up in the planning and administration process its self, we must remember the true purpose of the care plan. Such example of this can be seen by a quote from a Service User; â€Å"I don’t have a care pathway. I have a life. † (Scottish executive, 2005:5) Care plans must be done properly and all relevant parties involved. Some people may not know what a care plan is. When people don’t feel good they need support to be involved. After all, where’re planning their care and the individual must be at the centre of the plan. A Service User who contributed to the report Developing social care: service users vision for adult support, felt strongly that social care should be based on the social model; informing policy, practice and procedures (Beresford 2005). The Department of Health clearly states that it supports the social model of disability (DoH 2008a). This social model is underpinned by a range of legislation and policy which steers the provision of person centred care. There are several Acts that underpin PCP. The human rights act 1998 sets a firm base line for pcp. The act covers the individual’s right to liberty and security, respect for private and family life, and the right for freedom of thought conscious and religion. This act sets a firm base line for good practice in health and social care by underlining the needs of the individual are paramount and that everyone has the right to receive quality care. Age Concern quote (2008) â€Å"the dignity needs and wants of older people must be put at the centre of their care, and Human Rights are the perfect vehicle to ensure this and deliver quality care services† Whilst drawing up a care plan there are several legislations and policies to adhere to, below I have listed a few which have an integral role in pcp. There is a statutory duty on public authorities to ensure they eliminate unlawful discrimination and harassment and to promote equality of opportunities between men and women. This is governed by the equalities act 2006 which makes it unlawful to discriminate on the grounds of a person’s sexual orientation, religion and beliefs when providing a service and exercising a public function. This act has established a commission for equality and human rights (CEHR) which is responsible for promoting the understanding of human rights and equality, also challenging unlawful discrimination. The disability discrimination act 1995 main function is to stop discrimination for disabled individual, giving those equal rights and access to goods, facilities and services. This act states that providers are not allowed to treat the disabled less favourably because of their disability. Most companies and organisations that provide service, facilities or goods, be it either paid or free; both private and public bodies / companies must adhere to this act. One aspect of the NHS and community care act 1990 is that local authorities must conduct a needs-lead assessment which takes into account a person’s preference making it pcp. On the other hand a resources-lead assessment only takes into account the resources available and not the individual. In my area of work an example would be an individual would be sent to a day service where their preference would be a sit in service which would be more appropriate. This example goes against all principles of pcp. All care service providers are regulated by an independent body as outlined in the Care standard Act 2000. In Wales we are regulated by the CSSIW. This independat body carries out regular inspections to ensure compliance with all relevant legislation and one of their key focus is Service User quality of life which is closely linked to pcp. In addition to legislation there are numerous policies in place to ensure compliance with pc care. The white paper Valuing people (DoH 2001) stipulates that person centred approach will be essential to deliver real change in the lives of people. Whilst this white paper is aimed at individuals with learning disabilities the principles can be applied to all types of care. The national service frameworks are long term strategies for improving specific areas of social care. PCP is a theme that runs through the white paper. We as care providers have minimum expectations which are required of us by the government; national minimum standards. These standards are not legally enforceable but are guidelines for providers and commissioners to judge the quality of a care service. There are many ways consent is established with individuals. During a PCP meeting the individual may be able to make their wishes and expectations known clearly. In which case the Service User will give consent. On the other hand the mental capacity act 2005 is in place to empower individuals who lack capacity to make their own decisions. There are five core principles; It’s assumed an individual has capacity unless an assessment has taken place that determines otherwise. Individuals must be given appropriate support prior to making decisions (prior to a judgement being made to say the individual can not do so. You read "Leadership For Health Social Care Services" in category "Leadership" Individuals have the right to make an unwise decision, by making an unwise decision it does not mean the individual lacks capacity. When an individual is assessed as lacking in capacity, any decisions made for them must be in their best interest. Any actions that are result of an individual lacking in capacity must be the least restrictive in terms of their basic rights and freedoms. By applying all these principles in a MDT meeting a decision can be reached which will be in the best interest of the individual. During the PCP/ MDT/ BIM the individual may have family, friends, HCP, advocate present to enable a holistic approach to the individuals care pathway. By using person centred practice positive outcomes can be achieved; by adopting all the above legislation, regulations, policies the individual will receive the level of care and support they require, as decided by themselves and people who have the individuals best interests as paramount to the individuals care. In my role I have reviewed all documentation in relation to the primary assessment our Service Users undergo prior to our delivery of care. The assessment takes a holistic approach to the Service Users life, from mobility to cognitive function and is undertaken in the Service Users home with their preferred family member, social worker and any other health care professionals that have input into the Service Users life. Following a management and staff meeting and consultation with Service Users families and HCP to gather their feedback and views I have implemented changes to the documentation to make the assessment and subsequent care plan / file user friendly as needed by the Service User. By implementing this I’m ensuring compliance with regulations and legislation. I support my team to implement person centred practice in many ways. Adequate training as detailed in the care workers professional development plan and led by example, I believe being the best. PCP is discussed at management meetings which is then cascaded down to the care workers through their team meetings and supervision sessions. We have recently introduced a new format care plan, which I’m supporting the team leaders to complete using the active support model of care. During the recruitment process, all care workers undergo a 5 day induction period, during which PCP is introduced with the support of accredited dvd’s from Mullbery House and the new care worker is given the opportunity to demonstrate how they would apply pcp. Also a small library of reference books are available for care workers to loan for their professional development. I have recently supported one of the team leaders to review the manual handling care needs of a new Service User, no-capacity, who’s family were not familiar with manual handling techniques, by using techniques that were not prescribed the Service Users was being put at risk of injury as were the family. During the primary assessment this was discovered and immediately reported to myself. In conjunction with the team leader we contacted the social service to arrange for OT assessment, also we submitted a VA1 to inspectorate reporting our safeguarding concerns. During the OT assessment the Service User, family, social worker and our team leader was present to enable a best interest care plan to be drawn up. Several items of equipment were agreed and ordered, and care plan agreed by all. Several weeks later, the Service User is now in receipt of appropriate approved equipment and manual handling techniques which meets his needs. I have implemented a handover sheet for care workers prior to their delivery of care to new Service Users / from new care workers to ensure the Service User receives continuity of care. The handover takes place between the primary assessor and the care worker. The care worker and assessor discuss the care plan and risk assessments. At the Service Users first call the care worker is introduced by the assessor. All the care workers are required to notify the office of any changes to the Service Users care needs or preferences immediately, care workers are also encouraged to discuss Service Users needs/ preferences during their 6 weekly supervision session. Care workers are made aware of changes to the care plan in the handover and during the monthly team meeting where all Service User changes are discussed. I’m in the process of reviewing policies and procedures, which will ensure we are Service User led and not service led. Service user active participation has many proven positive outcomes. Active participation may lead to increased confidence and self-esteem, the chance to acquire new skills, and improved material resources if for example it helps them to acquire paid employment. Active participation leads to greater satisfaction (Department of Health Farrell, 2004) and improved quality of life (Wallerstein, 2006). For instance service users who have had greater control in decisions about the support they receive, report greater satisfaction and better health than those who have not. Beyond benefits to the individual, the participation process may also help create a stronger sense of community involvement. For active participation to succeed the culture of the company must allow for regular change and want to hear what the Service User has to say, take it on board and action it. All our Care workers are required to report to the office any feedback / comments/ changes from the Service User and the care work. Within XXXXXXXXX all new starter undergo a 5 day induction period, one element of this induction is active support. The care workers are given an insight into active support. Further training is made available periodically, training is an ongoing commitment to the care worker professional development and the quality of service we provide our Service Users with. A good example of active support I like to use is, if the Service User enjoys cooking but is unable to bear their weight etc take the veg to them. The Service User may enjoy peeling the veg at the table or in their chair. This enables the Service User to take control of their meal preparation, giving them a sense of purpose and satisfaction. When we receive a referral the Service User may have already undergone the 6 week enablement package of care, after their discharge from hospital. In line with the care plan we encourage the Service User to remain independent and re-able the Service User to achieve their aspirations. To promote Service Users to actively participate in all aspects of daily living skills, during the primary / review assessment risk assessments must be agreed. This is not to prohibit the Service User from participate in daily living skills but to ensure we are supporting the Service user in a safe environment where risks have been assessed and minimised or where possible removed. During this process a person centred approach is paramount involving outside agencies, eg OT, family and friends, social worker, advocate. Adaptions, equipment, tele care etc may be available for the Service User to minimise the risk whilst promoting participation in daily living skills. How to cite Leadership For Health Social Care Services, Essays

International Finance

Question : What is the Internatinol Finance With Example ? Answer : Introduction In the modern world, there are various types of organizations that functions and manufactures goods and services. The organizations that perform in the global economy aim to make profit and establish a strong share of the market. The performance of the firms operating in the market has an impact on the global and the national economy. There are various methods that are used in order to evaluate and analyze the economy. Forward Premium Puzzle is one such model that is instrumental in evaluating the economy with respect to the interest parity. This model is closely associated to the failures that are discovered from the uncovered interest parity to embrace and the occurrence of the forward rate bias (Tanamee 2014). The current paper therefore, concentrates on the puzzle of forward premium and tries to explain the concept and the possible explanations to this puzzle. The paper will highlight the definition of the model and critically explain the puzzle of forward premium. Discussion Definition of Forward Premium and Associated Concepts The forward premium puzzle relates to the uncovered interest parity failures and the effect on the rate of forward bias. The puzzle of forward premium is the result that the puzzle tries to highlight in an inappropriate direction for the movement towards the ex post in the spot exchange rate. The parity of interest that is uncovered explains that if the interest parity that is covered holds, then the forwarded discount and therefore, the differential in the interest, requires to be unbiased forecaster of the change in the ex post in the rate of spot, estimating any rational expectations(Boudoukh, Richardson and Whitelaw 2016). The puzzle that is associated with the forward rate is shown by the clue that the rate of forward does not reveal an unbiased prediction of the spot rate of the future. In order to rectify the terms and the concept, it is essential to explain the rate of forward at the time t for a deal to take place during the time k as Fkt and the spot rate during the time t as St..Furthermore, assume the subjective estimation of the spot rate during the time as t+k, is on the basis on the information upon time t, be explained as t (St+k). If it is predicted that for the time being rational expectations, like, Et(St+k). Therefore, the equation should be expected as: St+k= Fkt + ut+k. It is seen that the error term is an Expectational Error. In practical, the regression estimates does not discover a regression coefficient of unity, even though the pointy estimate is usually not statistically and crucially are posted away from the posited value (Coudertand Mignon 2013). Another problematic component of these regressions are that the forecasted regression term of error often displays a correlation that is serial, disrupting the rational expectations hypothesis. Therefore, the forward premium puzzle can be recognized by estimating that the error is log ordinarily allocated, thereby (1) can be rectified as: St+k= 0 + 1 fkt + ut+k. It is seen that in the null hypothesis, 1= 1, and 0 is permitted to balance some continuous that impounds some Jensens Inequality terms. There are various factors due to which the forward premium puzzle is essential for survival even when the capital is faultlessly portable with respect to the covered interest parity criterions like: (1) the absence of validity of the rational expectations hypothesis; (2) problems related to econometric implementations; and (3) the presence of premium of an exchange risk. As explained in depth in the entrance of Interest Rate Parity, forecasts the equations making use of the values for k that ranges up to a year usually cast-offs the unbiasedness limitations on the parameter of slope. For example, the survey undertaken byYu (2013) discovers that an average estimate for of -0.88. The paper provided by Londonoand Zhou(2016) reveals that the result is relevant for more current time that extends to the year 2000. They even reveal that the bias have a habit of decreasing at horizons that are longer. Validity of the rational Expectations Hypothesis It is significant to recollect that uncovered interest parity is accurately explained as associated to estimated depreciation, is not examinable. The prediction of the standard UIP regression equation is dependent on the methodology of rational expectations that is shown an equation. It is evident that dependence upon the predictions of mean zero errors of expectation is by no way unprovocative. In various paper, Farhi and Gabaix(2015) show that standards tests for UIP yield surprisingly unique results when one makes use of the survey-based measures of depreciation of exchange rate. They discover that the numerous variations of the forward discounts reveal to be associated to expected depreciations, rather than a risk premium that is time varying, thereby providing credibility to UIP. () reveal the fact that it is problematic to discard UIP for a vaster currency sets, when making use of the predictions given by the Currency Forecasters Digest (CFD) even though there are some hints of a risk premium at the annual horizon. () construe various results as coming from a broader currency sets- they investigate 17 currencies as opposed to 6 or so investigated by Vasilyev, Busygin and Busygin(2016)- where the predictions of faultless substitutability of the instruments of debt has chances to be hold. The authors have concentrated that discarding of the hypothesis of rational expectations does not always mean that one has to accept the scheme that the representatives are irrational. It may be conceivable that the agents are substantially gaining knowledge about the economic atmosphere so that their predictions are biased for a lengthy time-period. Recently,Narayan and Sharma (2015) have included incomplete processing of information, crucially a transaction cost rationale for unbalanced rebalancing of portfolio and this is a factor due to which forward premium puzzle is existent. Djeutem(2014) plea to the microstructural and institutional factors to determine the existence of surplus returns is an associated but an approach that is distinct. Econometric Issues Ho and Mo(2016) determines the deviations in the long and short-horizon. The authors even pleaded to a monetary reaction function that is responsive to the changes in the rate of exchange and making the interest rate internal in the sense of economy. However, it is not clear that these approaches can be useful in explaining the negative coefficients that have been collected. There are broad types of econometric issues that has even been examined. da Costaet al. (2016) debate that there is non-linearity in the relation among the forward discount and the spot rate. It is seen that when forward discount is higher in the absolute value, then the forward discount can be able to point at the correct direction. When the forward discount is minimal, it usually directs to a wrong way as the transaction costs are higher in relation to the potential gains. Risk Premium Interpretation The most actual determination why the forward premium estimates the inappropriate path of the progress of the exchange rate is due to the fact that the risk premium covers a wedge between the actual changes and the forecasted changes. It is a challenge to model a risk premium. The process of portfolio balance that concentrates on the stocks of the external assets, was primarily introduced in the modelling of the risk premium. However, due a vast failure to discover any relation between the ex post risk premium and stocks of external assets led to the conclusion of this mode of research. There has been resurrection in the consumption based approach of risk premium by pleading for more bizarre preferences. Snaith, Coakley and Kellard(2013) reveal that while implementing the aversion of first order risk may lead to negatively sloped coefficients and the relative extent of the changes in the exchange rate and the risk premia are not possible for matching. Recently there has been a model that has been forwarded byTanamee (2014) where the ad hoc external habit preferences related to the cost of trade, which may lead to a large risk premia. The combination of the various costs and rigidities reveals to be an useful approach for deterring the reason why the forward discount specifically points in the inaccurate direction for the transformation in the ex post exchange rate. Conclusion The current paper explains that the puzzle of forward premium, that is existent in the economy that associates to the failure of interest parity that is uncovered. It is essential for the survival of puzzle of forward premium in the economy as it reveals the empirical results that the currency is predicted to rise when the nominal interest rate of a concerned country exceeds the foreign interest rate. The forward premium puzzles reveal that the economic theory advices that if all the currencies are similarly risky, then the investors would look for higher rate of interest when the value of the currencies are predicted to decrease. Forward premium puzzle will definitely evaluate the currency rate that will be influential improving the economy of the country concerned and will be useful in finding out the coefficient of regression. This puzzle is one of the significant model of the economy and with time changes are in Reference List Boudoukh, J., Richardson, M. and Whitelaw, R.F., 2016. New evidence on the forward premium puzzle.Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis,51(03), pp.875-897. Coudert, V. and Mignon, V., 2013. The forward premium puzzle and the sovereign default risk.Journal of International Money and Finance,32, pp.491-511. da Costa, C.E., Jesus Filho, J.D. and Matos, P., 2016. Forward-premium puzzle: is it time to abandon the usual regression?.Applied Economics,48(30), pp.2852-2867. Djeutem, E., 2014. Model uncertainty and the forward premium puzzle.Journal of International Money and Finance,46, pp.16-40. Farhi, E. and Gabaix, X., 2015. DP10334 Rare Disasters and Exchange Rates. Ho, T.W. and Mo, W.S., 2016. Testing the Persistence of the Forward Premium: Structural Changes or Misspecification?.Open Economies Review,27(1), pp.119-138. Londono, J.M. and Zhou, H., 2016. Variance risk premiums and the forward premium puzzle. Narayan, P.K. and Sharma, S.S., 2015. Does data frequency matter for the impact of forward premium on spot exchange rate?.International Review of Financial Analysis,39, pp.45-53. Snaith, S., Coakley, J. and Kellard, N., 2013. Does the forward premium puzzle disappear over the horizon?.Journal of Banking Finance,37(9), pp.3681-3693. Tanamee, D., 2014.Forward Premium Puzzle(Doctoral dissertation, University of Kansas). Vasilyev, D., Busygin, V. and Busygin, S., 2016. Testing and Interpreting Uncovered Interest Parity in Russia.Economic Policy,4, pp.35-55. Yu, J., 2013. A sentiment-based explanation of the forward premium puzzle.Journal of Monetary Economics,60(4), pp.474-491.

Study 1 for aP free essay sample

The dermis contains blood vessels, nerve ending, and epidermally derived cutaneous oranges such as sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair follicles. The last layer is Hypodermis this layer is composed primarily of loose dead skin. The fat layer provides cushioning and insulation for underlying organs. 2. Briefly describes the extent of damage seen in first-degree burns, second-degree burns, and third degree burns. First degree burns only epidermis is damaged and skin is red and swollen. Second-degree burns epidermis and upper dermis are damaged. Third-degree burns destroys entire skin layer; burned area is painless and the burn is gray-white or black. 3. Why was the girl relatively pain-free when she woke up? Due to having third-degree burns on 15% off her body and since third degree burns are painless her body was probably numb and in shock as well. Since the second degree burns aren’t as deep she may feel pain in these areas because the nerves are still intact. We will write a custom essay sample on Study 1 for aP or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 4. Explain why this patient’s blood pressure was so low and her heart rate was so high upon arrival at the emergency room. Due to the burns she lost her water tight protective covering and significant shift of water from her blood stream due to having low blood volume her heart has to work harder (high heart rate) to try and pump more blood. 5. Why was it important to immediately administer intravenous fluids to this girl? She will need IV fluids to replace the fluid she lost due to the burns covering her body. She could go into shock without them and then her organs will not get blood and body will slowly start shutting down. 6. What is a broad-spectrum† antibiotic, and why did she need it? Do bacteria normally colonize healthy skin? Due to the skin being burned so badly and it being open to all kinds of bacteria forming a broad spectrum should take care of any infection she may get. She would get them topical and IV to make sure she was protected both ways. 7. Why was skin-grafting necessary in this patient? (why not just let the skin heal on its own) Due to the skin being severely damages it’s going to take a long time to heal. The skin graft will help prevent infection and speed up the healing process. 8. Describe the series of events that occur in skin, which is healing with the help of a skin graft? The skin will have to first have all of the dead and burned skin removed and topical antibiotics will be placed on to prevent infection then the graft will be placed over the skin to reduce the infection and shock risks and the skin will slowly start healing on its own. 9. Why are bedridden patients at risk for developing decubitus ulcers? Due to the patient being bedridden and immobile they often lie in the same position for long periods of time without being moved and the pressure on the skin can cause a sore and infection. If left untreated can cause serious problems and may result in surgery. 0. Why did the patient lose so much weight despite being on a very high-calorie diet? Do to the major trauma her body needs the calories to try and keep up with the functions to help her body heal. If anything she would probably need double her normally calorie intake to help in this process. 11. What long-term problems may the patient have as a result of extensive scar tissue formation over her trunk and right elbow? The long term scar tissue on her thoracic region may result in breathing problems later in life as well as the scar tissue on her elbow may limit mobility.

Personal Experience with Teen Pregnancy

Personal Experience with Teen Pregnancy Free Online Research Papers For my senior project I chose to do it on something I had personal experience in, such as teen pregnancy, which in this paper I have to have 7 different sources, and many facts. As for many teens having sexually intercourse is a scary thing, but ever scarier than that is finding out that you might be pregnant. This has never been an uncommon thing, but as I found out on womenshealthchannel.com/teenpregnancy there has been a decrease in it from the year 1991 through the year 2005. Studies showed that in 1991 60 out of 1000 teenagers became pregnant, and in the year 2005 40.5 out of 1000 became pregnant.They also showed that approximately 1/3 become pregnant in their teen age years, but it also states that more than 80% of those pregnancies are unintended and unintentional. Using different races for example Hispanic women had the highest birth rates in 2006, which showed 83 out of 100 became pregnant, but African Americans had the most dramatic reduction in that year only 23% became pr egnant. A different study showed that 25% of teen girls who give birth become pregnant and have another child within two years. As I found on pregnantteenhelp.org there are different options for these pregnant, when they find out that they are in fact pregnant. The first option would be to keep the baby and raise it themselves, which is the option I myself chose. Another option for the teens would be to carry the baby full term, and give it up for adoption. Even then the teen has the choice of having an open adoption which mean that they would receive pictures and letters knowing how the child is, and what they look like. or the have the choice of having a normal closed adoption which means they would have no contact what so ever with the child, or with its adoptive parents. The other option is to have have an abortion, which means to fully terminate the pregnancy. A recent study on abortion showed that more than 25% of women when they find out they are pregnant have and abortion, but that is just for the percentage of the world, as for when it comes to the United States nearly 40% of women have abortions. Mo re than 52% of abortions are obtained by women who are under the age of 25. Another study showed that teenagers are more apt to have a late abortion. Although in my own opinion I believe that abortion is wrong, and that it should be all together banned, because there are too many people in this world who cant have children, and would love to have one, even if it would mean that they would have to adopt someone elses. According to the Washington Post the teen birth rate nationally feel 30% from the year 1991 all the way to 2002. They stated that if it had not dropped during that decade, 1.2 million more children would have been born to teenage mothers in the United States. Another good reason that it dropped would be that 460,000 would have been living in poverty due to being born to a teenage mother, and 700,000 would have been born into a single parent home, most likely only have a mother and no father. Adolescents who become pregnant at an early age, if they decide to keep the baby, are more likely to drop out of school, which in return leads to lower paying jobs for the parent, which in most cases drives them into trying to find other ways to provide for their children, even if it would mean doing it illegally. Also young mothers are less likely to marry which would mean that their children would be raised in a home with only one income, and probably no support from the other parent. Even if t he to teens decide not to stay together, the mother is offered the right to collect what is called child support from the father, but in order to do that they have to have proof the child does in fact belong to them. Which in most cases a court will order a DNA Test to ensure that it is true. During my research I found in People Magazine that almost 750,000 girls ages ranging from 15-19 years old get pregnant each year. Although most people look down upon teen parents most dont really understand about all the pressures that we face today. Even though most schools say they want a sex free zone for their students it never really happens, because no one ever actually enforces the policy. As in my case I can remember walking down the hallways in school, and on a regular basis I could see people kissing and groping each other like its nothing, and some teachers just stand by like its nothing. Even after a historic 14 year decline in teen pregnancy in the year 2006 the birth rate increased by 3%, which is not good at all. More than half pregnant teens today choose to take the responsibility, and keep their babies. Roughly only 1/3 decide to terminate their pregnancy, 2% choose adoption, and about 14% miscarry. Studies have also shown that only 1/3 of teen mothers finish high sc hool, and get their diploma. As for myself Im going to graduate, and then take college courses online, so that I can be with my son. Family Corner stated that teen pregnancy rates are much higher in the United States than in many other developed countries. The Unites States are twice as high as in England and Wales or Canada, and are nine times as high as in the Netherlands or Japan. Which is really saying something, due to the fact that they are all fairly large countries, and are very high populated countries. They also said that 8% of 14 year olds, 18% of 15-17 year olds, and 22% of 18-19 year olds become pregnant each year. I myself am in the 18% of girls, considering that im 17 years old, and Im nearly 5 months pregnant. 20% of those who have sexual intercourse become pregnant, although there are ways to prevent it, they dont always work, for example a comdom can bust, or may even have a pin hole, and you would never know that it was there. Most girls get put on birth control, but even then they still arent fully safe from getting pregnant, even though they may think that there in a .1% chance of them gettin g pregnant it could still happen, that is why they should still use a condom, and make sure they dont skip any doses of their birth control, also they should use a spermicide that night and the next day as well. Many people think that pregnancy is wonderful, but ther are so many bad symptoms and complaints such as the following: preeclampsia, spotting, sleep problems, varicose veins, vaginal pain, vaginal discharge, yeast infections, urinary frequency, umbilical hernia, acne, chloasma, stretch marks, shortness of breath, sciatica, hip pain, pounding heart, pelvic pain, carpel tunnel syndrome, nose bleeds, bleeding gums, morning sickness, leg cramps,hemorrhoids, heart burn, indigestion, headaches, dizziness, gestational diabetes, fatigue, exhaustion, constipation, breast pain, breast leakage, braxton hicks contractions, blurry vision, back pain, diastasis, and anemia. These are all things that I found thanks to Parents which is a magazine for parents, and expectant parents. Although Im sure I will feel these symptoms and complaints sometime during my pregnancy so far I have only had the following: morning sickness, dizziness, braxton hick contractions, leg cramps, back pain, and breast pain. I must say that I havent really enjoyed being pregnant, its not because of the baby, its just that constantly feeling sick or dizzy just isnt fun at all. One thing that I have definitely enjoyed about being pregnant is feeling the baby move for the first time, it is such a weird, but wonderful feeling all at the same time. I found my last facts from Baby Center which gives you all sorts of different fact on pregnancy and babies. Some people believe that having a baby is easy, well it may have been 50 years ago, but now there are so many things they need, and so much you have to do before they get here. Here are just a few of the things you do while pregnant: go to a O.B. doctor to make sure everything is good with the baby during your pregnancy, have ultrasounds to to let you see how your baby is developing during your pregnancy, pick out names, have a baby shower, make the baby a room of its own that has only the things for the baby, pick a theme for its room, choose a hospital to go to when you go into labor, pack you and the baby a bag for when you go to the hospital, and wash everything you get for the baby so that nothing will break it out or irritate its sensitive skin. When you go into labor, there are some complications that all women should be aware of such as these: breech birth, cesarean sec tion, inducing labor, labor augumentation, macrosomia, preterm labor and birth, uterine rupture, and vaginal birth after cesarean. So these are all the facts that i found on teen pregnancy. Research Papers on Personal Experience with Teen PregnancyInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesEffects of Television Violence on Children19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseCapital PunishmentHip-Hop is ArtResearch Process Part OneMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into Asia

Revising E-mails and Podcasts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Revising E-mails and Podcasts - Essay Example There have been many famous authors on this podcast like Joe Abercrombie  and Kristian Nairn  . I have been a great fan of your podcast Sword and laser as it is the cardinal tool in my learning of science fiction and fantasy literature but there are some improvements which can elevate the performance of your podcast; I sincerely recommend the following with kind suggestions. The first thing which should be diminished from the podcast is the reading session that is provided to the audience in which they read and then the review is started in order to inculcate the audience on the board to have their interest but the situation is different than the perception. The audience should be shown a short video summarizing the theme of the book or the hosts themselves should summarize the theme of the book for the audience and it will be enough to give them a touch about the book that is going to be reviewed and the show time will be saved in this way. The interest of the audience will also be developed because many people are only interested in the salient details of the book, not the in depth study. The podcast will become more interesting and to the point by adapting this improvement and more time can be spent on the review and analysis of the book. The other improvement which is needed in the podcast is the active participation of audience. People cannot ask the questions to the authors and just listen to them whereas in order to sustain the interest and interaction of the podcast, it is really necessary that the audience can pose questions to the writrs. The podcast allows the questions to the authors only from the active members. The third improvement is the types of questions which the hosts ask. Many a times, they asked irrelevant questions and the author of the book seemed to be frustrated. The hosts should be instructed to focus the questions on the topic (52 Podcasts, 2013). I went back

How does the main protagonist in a christmas carol change throghout Essay

How does the main protagonist in a christmas carol change throghout the text - Essay Example I will be analyzing all the social, historical as well as cultural features that can be found in the text, too, and also the problems mentioned in the book which are similar to today’s multi-cultural society. The protagonist of this book is Ebenezer Scrooge who, in the beginning is, shown as an old, ‘tight-fisted hand at the grind- stone’ man who is ‘a squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching, covetous, old sinner!’. Bob Cratchit works for him but Scrooge pays him a paltry sum which is not enough for him to bring up his large family. Scrooge is ‘self-contained, and solitary as an oyster.’ (Dickens, 1843, p. 4) He does not like any celebrations, particularly Christmas, nor does he like having happy people around him. One of the most frequent adjectives used by Scrooge is ‘Humbug!’ (Dickens, 1843, p. 7). His personality undergoes a drastic change once the Ghosts of the Past, Present and Yet to Come visit him in his d reams. At seeing himself end up as a lonely person abandoned by all during all three of these, he wakes up a changed man, promising to ‘honour Christmas in (his) heart, and try to keep it all the year’. (Dickens, 1843, p. 125) He calls himself ‘as happy as an angel †¦ as merry as a schoolboy ... ... He has used adjectives very appropriately in the first stave to give the reader a sense of the characters and the setting. He also uses onomatopoeia to emphasize on emotions as well as the sounds: ‘Clash, clang, hammer; ding, dong, bell. Bell, dong, ding; hammer, clang, clash.’. (Dickens, 1843, p. 129) The reader would also notice the use of similes so one can compare the situation to something ‘Old Marley was as dead as a door-nail.’ (Dickens, 1843, p. 3) When describing Scrooge, Charles Dickens uses the weather elements to show what his character is like and even his facial structure: ‘The cold within him froze his old features †¦ He carried his own low temperature always about with him †¦ and didn’t thaw it one degree at Christmas †¦ No wind that blew was bitterer than he ....’ (Dickens, 1843, p. 5) Dickens’ A Christmas Carol is thought to be a novella by many. These are usually fictional, narrative stories which are not too long in length and the plot is not too diverse, but mostly focuses on a particular plotline, the endings usually suggesting a change. The story is in first person which makes the reader believe that it is the author Dickens himself who is the narrator of the book, an omniscient narrator to be precise. Using the first point of view allows him to capture the readers’ interest, allows them to believe that they are a part of the story. The narrative form also lets the reader to feel what is happening in the novella. There is a great deal of imagery one comes across in the book so one can have a vivid picture of what exactly is going on. It helps give a greater impact of the setting and the

The Social Context of Death and Dying

The Social Context of Death and Dying Introduction Using course materials from Death and Dying, I will discuss the idea that death is something to be feared. I will use course material from Block 1, The Social Context of Death and Dying, focusing on units 1 and 2. I will provide evidence of arguments for and against this notion and consider other attitudes of how these views are formed by society. I will also illustrate my answers using materials form the course website, reader and audio activities. I have also incorporated some personal and professional experience. in an attempt to illustrate my points. Death is portrayed and discussed in various ways by people from all walks of life, their upbringing and religious views can have an impact on how they perceive death. As discussed in Block 1, one indicator that death is something to fear is our use of language. This anxiety is demonstrated in the euphemisms individuals use when describing or explaining a death. For example when undertaking activity 1.1, Explaining the meaning of death, (Block 1, unit 1, pg 1). I discussed my first experience of death. I recall having to explain to my youngest sibling that our mother had died. My sister was 8 years old and I sat her down and spoke firstly about angels and the stars. I went on to tell her that God had decided he needed mum to be an angel. I couldnt bear to use the word dead as I was struggling with mum being dead and was of the view that using the word ‘dead would have been too painful and therefore spoke about angels to make it less emotive. Since then I have experienced the dea th of other relatives and friends and find that I will use euphemisms such as, â€Å"passed away† or â€Å"gone to a better place†. I have also heard myself use phrases such as â€Å"kicked the bucket, however, this is usually when referring to someone I didnt really know. A number of examples are provided in block 1 in relation to euphemisms used to describe what occurs after death. Spiritualist and Mediums use words such as â€Å"crossing over† or â€Å"passed over† as they see the death as the beginning of a journey from this world to what they describe as the ‘spirit world. Komaromy (2005) spoke of how she found that whilst exploring how death and dying were managed in care homes, was â€Å"frequently met with difficulty over the use of words ‘death, ‘dying and ‘dead† (Block 1, unit 1, section 1.2, pg 13). It would appear the fear of using these words were not necessarily from the residents themselves but by those who cared for them. The beliefs instilled in people from a young age from their family, educational professionals and religious sources as well as their personal experience of death can often have a profound impact on how they perceive death and dying. Roman Catholics appear comfortable when speaking about death as they see death as a momentous event that should not be feared. Catholics believe in life after death, stating the soul leaves the body and will normally spend a period in Purgatory and when the soul is cleansed of the temporal consequences of sin they will enter heaven. However some anxiety remains, as for many, there is uncertainty of how long their soul will remain in purgatory. â€Å"They do not fear the next world, but rather the passage, the crossing over..† (Toscani, et al(2003), OU course material, website). Professor Douglas Davis research highlighted that gender plays a significant role in the belief in life after death in contemporary British Society. He states that women are far more likely to believe in an afterlife, than men, with a ratio of almost 2:1. He informs 30% of the population with a similar gender imbalance believe the dead remain among us and have had contact in one form or another with their loved one. (Audio1, activity 1.8, Identity and Belief). This I would argue is based on a persons knowledge of the deceased and is linked to their sense of identity and the need to continue the link with their loved one, which in turn may offer comfort and peace of mind to those who are bereaved. People also seek comfort through contact with the dead via spiritualists and mediums, in an effort to communicate with loved ones. Justine Picardie describes this as attending a social gathering of the dead (Picardie in Making Sense of Death and Dying and Bereavement: An Anthology, pg 198, E arle, et al). Research and studies regarding the beliefs and views of individuals in life after death vary from person to person depending on their religious or non-religious beliefs. For example the article â€Å"Life at the end of Life: beliefs about individual life after death and â€Å"good death† models a qualitive study† Toscani, F., et al, highlights two different models and arguments regarding death and what would be classed as a â€Å"good death†. The attitudes and assumptions depend on whether the individual is a believer or non-believer but even then there can be conflicting opinions between faiths. Tibetan Buddhism describes in great detail the process of death and the passage over. Tibetan Buddhists are encouraged to read â€Å"The Tibetan Book of the Dead† and when an individual is dying, there is a common conception that it is good to read this book to the dying person. â€Å"By understanding the death process and familiarisingour self with it, we can remove fear at the time of death and ensure a good rebirth† (Death and Dying in the Tibetan Buddhist Tradition, Hawter; V.P internet source: Buddahnet.com). In contrast, Seventh-day Adventist beliefs regarding death are totally different from those of other religions. Adventists believe that people do not die nor do they go to Heaven or Hell. It is their belief that the individual â€Å"goes to sleep and will rise again on the Day of Judgement†. (Kormaromy, 2005, Block1, unit 1, section 1.2, pg13). By this they mean the person will remain unconscious until the return of Christ. The views of atheists vary, although the consensus is that there is no life after death, that when we die, we die, and that is it. â€Å"If I am, death is not; if death is, I am no longer: why, then, fear death?† (Toscani,et al(2003), OU course website, pg 8). This does not mean that atheists do not have a fear of death, like believers there are similarities with regards to how they will die and where they would like to die. I worked with a family whose child was dying. When trying to support the family through this difficult period they spoke of feeling angry at individuals who had questioned why they were not in church praying. They informed me that as far as they were concerned that when their child died that was the end. They stated their only fear was that their child would die alone if they left his side. The management of death and dying has changed over time. French Historian, Phillipe Aries claimed that in the Middle Ages people appeared more optimistic with regards to death, as they acknowledged death as part of life, as it unavoidable. The death affected not only the family of the deceased but the community as a whole. With individuals being assigned particular roles, for example, preparing the body for burial, announcing the death and it was customary to view the body of the deceased. Death was a common occurrence and this may explain why death was seen as inevitable and therefore not feared. Aires argued that after the 19th century death in western society was hidden and following the First World War, death became a taboo subject and was no longer seen as a natural process of life. (Block 1, unit 2.2, pg 38). The explanation for this could be that it was due to what we know as the ‘nuclear family era? Norbert Elias (1985) would argue that in todays society the role of preparing the deceased has been taken over by funeral directors who offer a wide range of services to the family. This includes collecting and preparing the body for burial or cremation. In my own recent experience of the death of my son, the only duty the funeral director could not undertake was to register the death. Elias argument â€Å"is that dying people are now more isolated than in the past† (Block 1, Unit 2.2 pg40). It should be noted that some traditions continue, for example, the viewing of the deceased remains within many faiths be it within a church setting or funeral directors chapel of rest, although this is usually by family and close friends. This could explain why Aires theory that death after the 19th century did not have an overall impact on the community but rather than on a smaller network, family and friends. German Sociologist, Norbert Elias (1985), (Block 1, unit 2.2, pg 40) challenged Aires ideas, that in the past, death was accepted as being a natural process. Elias claimed death was painful as life was much shorter and more dangerous. Conclusion Perhaps the idea of life after death allows us to cope with what can only be seen as a natural fear as the alternative, non-existence is unimaginable and we are psychologically inept to deal with this. Therefore we need to ask the question is death something feared by all? Is this a hypothesis or could it be that for many individuals, especially, those in old age or with a terminal illness that death could be the beginning of something better. It can therefore be argued that whilst individuals and society have diverse opinions regarding death and what happens to them when they die, the majority do have a fear of how they will die. For example being alone, suffering pain, dying young or, being forgotten.

Reference to two South African examples Essay

In at least one point in the day, every-one finds themselves tuned into one broadcast station or another, be it radio or television Be it for entertainment, relaxation, to be informed or merely a means of escapism. For whichever reasons it is, radio and television play an active role in our everyday life whether we are aware of it or not. Using South African examples, this assignment seeks to discuss two radio and two television genres. It is virtually impossible to discuss the issue genre before defining this term. Both the Oxford dictionary as well as Creeber (2001), defines ‘genre’ as â€Å"type† or â€Å"kind†. Genres allow for the types or kinds of things to be categorised. For example in radio broadcasting, there are various different programs aired, such as talk shows, music shows, news broadcasts, drama shows and so on. Each of these shows are categorised into a particular genre based on their characteristics. The two radio genres that will be discussed are talk shows and music shows. The phenomenon of genre is not exclusive to radio and television alone. In fact according to Greeber, â€Å"it [genre] has played an important role in the study of literature, theatre, film, television and other art and media forms† (Creeber, G: 2001 pg. 1). Radio-Talk Genre Radio stations like ‘SAFM’ and ‘702’ are almost entirely dedicated to the genre of ‘talk show’ however almost every radio station incorporates this genre if not at least for a few minutes. The success of talk shows lie in participation by the audience. The audience is urged to call into the radio station and either view their opinion on the topic of discussion or pose questions to either an officiator or a panel. On ‘SAFM’ for example, there was a program entitled â€Å"The Life and Times of Dr. Bayers Nordea†. The show was as the title implies, discussing and talking about Dr. Nordeas’ life. The show hosted family, colleagues and friends, who spoke about his life. Listeners also got the opportunity to add their comments, thoughts, as well as pose questions to the panel. The show was also officiated by the host or disk jockey (D. J) of the show, who not only directed most of the discussion, but also made sure that the show, ran smoothly. The nature of talk shows is such that the audience phones in either agreeing or disagreeing to the topic or question being discussed. This opens the door for others to voice their opinions. According to Barnard (2000), â€Å"phone-in †¦encourages a free flow of opinion and conversation within the safety of an artificially created community† (Barnard, S: 2000). With out this element, the talk show would be deemed unsuccessful. Talk shows do not follow a particular protocol, meaning that any topic can be addressed. The mere action of a D. J. posing a question relating to any topic and receiving feedback from the audience constitutes the genre of talk show to be exercised. As any topic makes way for talk shows, it is common to find small inserts of talk show, even within a primarily music radio station. Highfeld Stereo is an example of a South African music radio station. It is common to find a situation where a D. J. poses a question and opens the lines to receive feedback. The D. J is thus officiating a talk show, within a music show. Listeners of talk shows however, are required to concentrate on the discussion if they are to understand what is being discussed, thus ones attention cannot divert from one thing to another. For example, one cannot talk to a friend on the phone, as well as remain focused on the discussion. Radio-Music Genre. Although there is audience participation in the music genre, it differs from that of the talk genre. Regarding music radio, the audience is urged to call in to send dedications to friends or loved ones, choose songs they wish to hear, or vote for their favourite song rather than voice their opinions on a matter. Music as a genre is not so clear-cut like talk shows. Within the music genres, there are sub-genres, where by music is categorised according to style. Rock, rave, hip-hop and pop would all be examples of sub-genres of the music genre. The music genre requires less attention from the listener to be focused on the show. Namely, the listener can do various other activities without loosing out on the entertainment. For example, while driving a car and focusing on the road, or while working at ones desk, one can continue to listen to his or her favourite song and not be side tracked. Unlike the talk genre where if one was driving a car and focusing on the road they would more than likely loose track of what was being discussed-alternatively, they would possibly have an accident. As the genre implies, the emphasis in music shows is in fact music. Therefore it is common to find very little talking by the D. J. and more music being played. The show usually consists of popular songs in the specific sub-genre being aired. This genre also usually has a top 40 show, where the 40 most popular songs are aired. This is commonly known as â€Å"contempory hit radio† (Tomaselli/de Villiers: 1998). 5FM radio station for example has the ‘Coca-Cola Top 40’ music show which is aired every Sunday morning from 10:00- 14:00. Other radio stations like ‘East Coast Radio host the ‘Top 10 at 10’ show, which airs the 10 most popular songs every Tuesday night at 22:00. These songs which make it onto the ‘top 10’ or ‘top 40’ lists, are songs which have been voted for by the public. Jacaranda FM in contrast to the mainstream radio stations of say 5FM for example would air music of a different sub-genre, however one would still find the most popular tracks of that specific sub-genre being aired, as well as ‘top 10’ shows occurring. In the music genre, the D. Js primary job is to play music and possible talk a little bit about the artist of the track, rather than being an officiator or a mediator of discussion, as is found in talk radio. Television-Documentary Genre. As the term documentary implies, these shows are usually fact based and require research to be done on the particular topic being showed. Events are documented by a team of researchers and aired to the public. An example of a documentary would be found in the SABC 2 show â€Å"50/50†. This is a documentary program that focuses on various aspects of the wild life. Documentaries however could focus on a variety of topics, including an event, person or idea. As the emphasis of documentaries is on information, enlightenment and facts, viewers usually watch documentaries as a means of being informed, rather than being entertained. The nature of documentaries is such that each episode is fully formed and has a definite conclusion – even if left as an enquiry for the viewer to think about what they have just viewed. This allows the viewer to evaluate their knowledge of the topic against that of the show. Documentaries are also not usually serial form, as would be the case in a sitcom for example. Rather, they tend to be self-contained episodes with definite endings. Documentaries usually also adopt a narrative structure & psychological relationship of the viewers to the program. The viewer is often addressed directly, in order â€Å"to persuade the actual person watching at home that he or she is the â€Å"you† to whom the addresser is speaking† (Allen,C: 1992 pg. 118). This also keeps the viewer interested in the show as well making them feel as if they actively involved in what is going on. Due to the fact that documentaries are not entertainment focused and are rather a means of transferring information, events, people or animals being documented are portrayed as realistically as possible. Animals, which are filmed in the â€Å"50/50† program, for example are filmed in their natural environments, rather than in zoos, in order to give the viewer the most realistic experience. As they are based on real occurrences, documentaries, unlike entertainment programmes such as sitcoms, do not focus as much on a specific plot. Television-Soap Opera As soap operas were originally targeted at the female audience (Brown, M: 1994), it is not surprising to find that many of the central characters within this genre are women. More importantly, they are strong, powerful and influential characters, rather than the stereotype housewife women. SABC 3 airs the soap opera â€Å"Isidingo†. Charel de Villiers and Leigh Haynes are two examples of strong, powerful and ambitious characters that play central roles in the show. It is important for these kinds of characters to exist, in order for the audience to which the show is targeted at to be able to relate. â€Å"They [women] recognise some of there own identity in this product created by the media† (Brown, M: 1994). People watch soap operas for a number of reasons. The fact that they are entertaining, allows the viewer to unwind, relax or escape from the stresses from every day life, for the duration of the show, as the audience get lost in the reality of the program (Anderson, M: 2004). Viewers could also be using the decision-making techniques and outcomes of the soap opera to â€Å"work through† their own issues (Anderson, M: 2004). â€Å"Isidingo† is an example of a program that deals with AIDS-an issue that the whole of South Africa is facing; it also provides solutions in the form of Nandipe-a married women infected with HIV. Her positive attitude allows her to live a productive life. Viewers may see Nandipe as a role model. Those viewers infected with HIV may in fact even echo her actions in order to try and increase productivity in their own lives. Characters in soap operas are usually found in the form of â€Å"multiple characters† (Brown, M: 1994) meaning that characters emphasize the group over the individual (Brown, M: 1994 pg 53), thus many people can relate to one specific character. This also makes way for viewers to find similarities between themselves and various other characters rather than one particular character. Brown believes that rather than relating to characters in soap operas, viewers â€Å"implicate† themselves to various characters, meaning that the viewer will see similarities between a particular character, or even characters, but when the character acts in a way that the viewer does not agree with, or feel comfortable with, the viewer will distance him or herself from the character (Brown, M: 1994). Soap operas adopt a visualization style, which gets the viewer to focus and identify with a specific character (Brown, M: 1994 pg. 53). On a radio talk show for example, a TV viewer called in with the opinion that the â€Å"Isidingo† villianess, Cherel de Villiers should be punished, as if the viewer could not differentiate between reality & fiction. (Anderson, M: 2004). Apparently actors who play villainous characters are shunned offset by the public (Anderson, M: 2004). It is not only the relatable characters and entertaining style of soap operas that keep the audience hooked. It is also the continuous open-ended nature of episodes, set in the present and containing a number of alternating story lines which gives the audience sense of continuous pleasure (Brown, M: 1994, pg. 58). The fact that soap operas resists narrative closure, meaning that the story is continuous and never ending, means there is always hope for the future (Anderson, M: 2004). Thus viewers will continue to watch future episodes in order to come closer to seeing what will happen at the end (which never really comes). â€Å"John Davies (1984)†¦ suggests about soap opera viewers that once ‘hooked’, they vacillate between their need to know, or the pleasure of anticipation† that keeps viewers watching (Brown, M: 1994). In discussing two radio and two television genres with reference to two South African examples, it is evident that the complexities and intricacies of various broadcasts and genres are not as simple as one would imagine. As seen above, various genres and broadcasts draw in different audiences, and evoke various different responses in the viewer or listener. As technology continues to move forward, where will these broadcasts find themselves in the future? For now though, radio and television will continue to play an active part in almost all of our lives. BIBLIOGRAPHY Allen, Robert C. 1992. Televisions modes of address & the social context of T. V. viewing. In Channels of Discourse, reassembled. 2nd ed. Edited by Robert C. Allen. London: Routledge. Anderson, Muff. Soapies mirror SA’s soul. Mail & Guardian. 24 March 2004. Barnard, S. 2000. Studying Radio. New York: Arnold Hodder. Brown, Mary Ellen. 1994. Ch. 3: Soap opera and women’s talk: The pleasure of resistance. Thousand Oaks: Sage. Creeber, G. (ed. ). 2001. Introduction: What is genre? In Creeber, G (ed),The television genre book. London: British Film Institute, 1-7. Teer-Tomaselli, R and de Villiers, C. 1998. Radio: Theatre of the Mind. In De Beer, A (ed). Mass media toward the Millennium. Pretoria: Van Schaik, 147-175.